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(This article was first published on <strong><a href="https://fronkonstin.com/2017/03/07/frankenstein/"> R – Fronkonstin</a></strong>, and kindly contributed to <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.r-bloggers.com/">R-bloggers)</a> </div>
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<blockquote><p>Remember me, remember me, but ah! forget my fate (Dido’s Lament, Henry Purcell)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>A <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronoi_diagram">Voronoi diagram</a> divides a plane based on a set of original points. Each polygon, or Voronoi cell, contains an original point and all that are closer to that point than any other.</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/4360892">This</a> is a nice example of a Voronoi tesselation. You can find good explanations of Voronoi diagrams and Delaunay triangulations <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/VoronoiDiagram.html">here</a> (in English) or <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://naukas.com/2011/12/23/cada-uno-en-su-region-y-voronoi-en-la-de-todos/">here</a> (in Spanish).</p>
<p>A grayscale image is simply a matrix where <em>darkness</em> of pixel located in coordinates (i, j) is represented by the value of its corresponding element of the matrix: a grayscale image is a dataset. This is a Voronoi diagraman of Frankenstein:</p>
<p><img class="wp-image-3918" src="https://i2.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Frankenstein_6kmain.jpeg?w=604&ssl=1" data-recalc-dims="1"></p>
<p>To do it I followed the next steps:</p>
<ol>
<li>Read <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://ereaderbackgrounds.com/movies/bw/Frankenstein.jpg">this image</a></li>
<li>Convert it to gray scale</li>
<li>Turn it into a <em>pure</em> black and white image</li>
<li>Obtain a random <em>sample</em> of black pixels (previous image corresponds to a sample of 6.000 points)</li>
<li>Computes the Voronoi tesselation</li>
</ol>
<p>Steps 1 to 3 were done with <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://dahtah.github.io/imager/imager.html">imager</a>, a very appealing package to proccess and analice images. Step 5 was done with <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/deldir/index.html">deldir</a>, also a convenient package which computes Delaunay triangulation and the Dirichlet or Voronoi tessellations.</p>
<p>The next grid shows tesselations for sample size from 500 to 12.000 points and step equal to 500:</p>
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<p>I gathered all previous images in this gif created with <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/magick/vignettes/intro.html">magick</a>, another amazing package of R I discovered recently:<br>
<img src="https://i1.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Frankenstein.gif?w=604&ssl=1" data-recalc-dims="1"></p>
<p>This is the code:</p>
<pre>
library(imager)
library(dplyr)
library(deldir)
library(ggplot2)
library(scales)

# Download the image
file=&quot;http://ereaderbackgrounds.com/movies/bw/Frankenstein.jpg&quot;
download.file(file, destfile = &quot;frankenstein.jpg&quot;, mode = 'wb')

# Read and convert to grayscale
load.image(&quot;frankenstein.jpg&quot;) %>% grayscale() -> x

# This is just to define frame limits
x %>% 
  as.data.frame() %>% 
  group_by() %>% 
  summarize(xmin=min(x), xmax=max(x), ymin=min(y), ymax=max(y)) %>% 
  as.vector()->rw

# Filter image to convert it to bw
x %>%
  threshold(&quot;45%&quot;) %>% 
  as.data.frame() -> df

# Function to compute and plot Voronoi tesselation depending on sample size
doPlot = function(n)
{
  #Voronoi tesselation
  df %>% 
  sample_n(n, weight=(1-value)) %>% 
  select(x,y) %>% 
  deldir(rw=rw, sort=TRUE) %>% 
  .$dirsgs -> data

  # This is just to add some alpha to lines depending on its longitude
  data %>% 
    mutate(long=sqrt((x1-x2)^2+(y1-y2)^2),
         alpha=findInterval(long, quantile(long, probs = seq(0, 1, length.out = 20)))/21)-> data

  # A little bit of ggplot to plot results
  data %>% 
    ggplot(aes(alpha=(1-alpha))) +
    geom_segment(aes(x = x1, y = y1, xend = x2, yend = y2), color=&quot;black&quot;, lwd=1) +
    scale_x_continuous(expand=c(0,0))+
    scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0,0), trans=reverse_trans())+
    theme(legend.position  = &quot;none&quot;,
            panel.background = element_rect(fill=&quot;white&quot;),
            axis.ticks       = element_blank(),
            panel.grid       = element_blank(),
            axis.title       = element_blank(),
            axis.text        = element_blank())->plot

return(plot)
}

# I call the previous function and store resulting plot in jpeg format
i=5000
name=paste0(&quot;frankie&quot;,i,&quot;.jpeg&quot;)
jpeg(name, width = 600, height = 800, units = &quot;px&quot;, quality = 100)
doPlot(i)
dev.off()

# Once all images are stored I can create gif
library(magick)
frames=c()
images=list.files(pattern=&quot;jpeg&quot;)

for (i in length(images):1)
{
  x=image_read(images[i])
  x=image_scale(x, &quot;300&quot;)
  c(x, frames) -> frames
}
animation=image_animate(frames, fps = 2)
image_write(animation, &quot;Frankenstein.gif&quot;)
</pre>
<p>
<div>
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