<p><div><div><div><div data-width="100" data-show-faces="false" data-send="true" data-layout="button_count" data-height="21" data-href="http://www.r-bloggers.com/big-data-insights-tale-of-it-investments-and-returns/"></div></div><div><a data-url="http://www.r-bloggers.com/big-data-insights-tale-of-it-investments-and-returns/" data-counturl="http://www.r-bloggers.com/big-data-insights-tale-of-it-investments-and-returns/" data-count="horizontal" data-text="Big Data Insights: Tale of IT Investments and Returns" class="twitter-share-button" data-via="rbloggers" href="https://twitter.com/share"></a></div><div></div></div><div></div></div>
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(This article was first published on <strong><a href="http://costaleconomist.blogspot.com/2016/07/big-data-insights-tale-of-it.html"> Coastal Econometrician Views</a></strong>, and kindly contributed to <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.r-bloggers.com/">R-bloggers)</a> </div>
<p>Once again, this post brings forth to the audience, a predictive analytical insight from huge volumes of information technology security data belonging to two fortune 500 companies (more or less having similar characteristics). Going to a quick background of the study, here, analytical interest was to know how both organizations understood and invested in their IT Security over a period of time and what was their ROI (Return on Investment)?</p>
<p>With respect to my earlier <a target="_blank" href="http://costaleconomist.blogspot.in/2015/12/big-data-insights-it-support-log.html">Big Data Insight post</a>, I got many queries about data, hence, herein, I am publishing data used for plotting purposes, for quick play in R. As, just mentioned above, volumes were huge, and all initial volumes were processed in <a target="_blank" href="https://spark.apache.org/">Apache Spark</a> stack in cloud environment. Now, as usual, below analysis has been carried out using R Programming Language components viz., <a target="_blank" href="https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/base/R-3.3.1-win.exe">R-3.3.1</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rstudio.com/products/rstudio/">RStudio (favorite IDE)</a>, <a target="_blank" href="http://ggplot2.org/">ggplot2</a> package for plotting.</p>
<div>Now, lets understand the below plot, x-axis has ‘year’ as measure that ranges from 1999 to 2015, y-axis has numbers observed for major threats and IT Security employees at both the organizations (Org). If one starts looking at the year 2000, it is evident that Org A has more threats than Org B, however, both organizations had their number of IT Security employees around 10 (Org A have only few more employees compared to Org B, also, it is clear that Org B has one more employee than Org A in earlier year 1999). But, Org A for next 2-3 years has increased its IT Security employess to 20 in number, where as Org B has more or less maintained same number of employees for next set of 10 years. As a result, Org B has reached a stage wherein their number of major threats exploded and went beyond existing teams control, whereas, Org A initial invesment in employees worked out better for them and their number of major threats were more or less either stable or decreased over a period of time (don’t forget, here acheiving zero is impossible given new technologies, applications coming every year).</div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="http://i0.wp.com/2.bp.blogspot.com/-6K2Zyv5LmFw/V4Oo3bZIqsI/AAAAAAAAAVA/WUs3WM2A3z03ZqlqOQeG6BRJM_rZxxhPQCLcB/s1600/IT_Threats_Returns.png?ssl=1"><img src="http://i0.wp.com/2.bp.blogspot.com/-6K2Zyv5LmFw/V4Oo3bZIqsI/AAAAAAAAAVA/WUs3WM2A3z03ZqlqOQeG6BRJM_rZxxhPQCLcB/s1600/IT_Threats_Returns.png?w=456&ssl=1" border="0" data-recalc-dims="1"></a></div>
<p>Data employed for the plot:
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<pre><a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/dput"><span>dput</span></a><span>(</span>IT_threats_returns<span>)</span><br><a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/structure"><span>structure</span></a><span>(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/list"><span>list</span></a><span>(</span>Year = <a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/c"><span>c</span></a><span>(</span><span>1999</span><span>,</span> <span>1999</span><span>,</span> <span>1999</span><span>,</span> <span>1999</span><span>,</span> <span>2000</span><span>,</span> <span>2000</span><span>,</span> <span>2000</span><span>,</span> <br><span>2000</span><span>,</span> <span>2001</span><span>,</span> <span>2001</span><span>,</span> <span>2001</span><span>,</span> <span>2001</span><span>,</span> <span>2002</span><span>,</span> <span>2002</span><span>,</span> <span>2002</span><span>,</span> <span>2002</span><span>,</span> <span>2003</span><span>,</span> <span>2003</span><span>,</span> <br><span>2003</span><span>,</span> <span>2003</span><span>,</span> <span>2004</span><span>,</span> <span>2004</span><span>,</span> <span>2004</span><span>,</span> <span>2004</span><span>,</span> <span>2005</span><span>,</span> <span>2005</span><span>,</span> <span>2005</span><span>,</span> <span>2005</span><span>,</span> <span>2006</span><span>,</span> <br><span>2006</span><span>,</span> <span>2006</span><span>,</span> <span>2006</span><span>,</span> <span>2007</span><span>,</span> <span>2007</span><span>,</span> <span>2007</span><span>,</span> <span>2007</span><span>,</span> <span>2008</span><span>,</span> <span>2008</span><span>,</span> <span>2008</span><span>,</span> <span>2008</span><span>,</span> <br><span>2009</span><span>,</span> <span>2009</span><span>,</span> <span>2009</span><span>,</span> <span>2009</span><span>,</span> <span>2010</span><span>,</span> <span>2010</span><span>,</span> <span>2010</span><span>,</span> <span>2010</span><span>,</span> <span>2011</span><span>,</span> <span>2011</span><span>,</span> <span>2011</span><span>,</span> <br><span>2011</span><span>,</span> <span>2012</span><span>,</span> <span>2012</span><span>,</span> <span>2012</span><span>,</span> <span>2012</span><span>,</span> <span>2013</span><span>,</span> <span>2013</span><span>,</span> <span>2013</span><span>,</span> <span>2013</span><span>,</span> <span>2014</span><span>,</span> <span>2014</span><span>,</span> <br><span>2014</span><span>,</span> <span>2014</span><span>,</span> <span>2015</span><span>,</span> <span>2015</span><span>,</span> <span>2015</span><span>,</span> <span>2015</span><span>)</span><span>,</span> Numeric_Value = <a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/c"><span>c</span></a><span>(</span><span>28</span><span>,</span> <span>11</span><span>,</span> <br><span>9</span><span>,</span> <span>10</span><span>,</span> <span>36</span><span>,</span> <span>26</span><span>,</span> <span>13</span><span>,</span> <span>7</span><span>,</span> <span>28</span><span>,</span> <span>26</span><span>,</span> <span>17</span><span>,</span> <span>9</span><span>,</span> <span>26</span><span>,</span> <span>29</span><span>,</span> <span>21</span><span>,</span> <span>10</span><span>,</span> <span>32</span><span>,</span> <span>21</span><span>,</span> <br><span>19</span><span>,</span> <span>9</span><span>,</span> <span>25</span><span>,</span> <span>34</span><span>,</span> <span>19</span><span>,</span> <span>10</span><span>,</span> <span>30</span><span>,</span> <span>35</span><span>,</span> <span>20</span><span>,</span> <span>10</span><span>,</span> <span>22</span><span>,</span> <span>27</span><span>,</span> <span>19</span><span>,</span> <span>10</span><span>,</span> <span>31</span><span>,</span> <span>42</span><span>,</span> <br><span>19</span><span>,</span> <span>11</span><span>,</span> <span>29</span><span>,</span> <span>47</span><span>,</span> <span>19</span><span>,</span> <span>11</span><span>,</span> <span>28</span><span>,</span> <span>45</span><span>,</span> <span>22</span><span>,</span> <span>11</span><span>,</span> <span>25</span><span>,</span> <span>55</span><span>,</span> <span>23</span><span>,</span> <span>13</span><span>,</span> <span>30</span><span>,</span> <span>51</span><span>,</span> <br><span>21</span><span>,</span> <span>14</span><span>,</span> <span>25</span><span>,</span> <span>49</span><span>,</span> <span>22</span><span>,</span> <span>13</span><span>,</span> <span>32</span><span>,</span> <span>60</span><span>,</span> <span>22</span><span>,</span> <span>19</span><span>,</span> <span>25</span><span>,</span> <span>53</span><span>,</span> <span>25</span><span>,</span> <span>24</span><span>,</span> <span>19</span><span>,</span> <span>49</span><span>,</span> <br><span>25</span><span>,</span> <span>29</span><span>)</span><span>,</span> Desc = <a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/c"><span>c</span></a><span>(</span><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <br><span>&quot;Org_A _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Org_B _ No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><br><span>)</span><span>)</span><span>,</span> .Names = <a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/c"><span>c</span></a><span>(</span><span>&quot;Year&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Numeric_Value&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;Desc&quot;</span><span>)</span><span>,</span> <a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/row.names"><span>row.names</span></a> = <a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/c"><span>c</span></a><span>(</span><span>NA</span><span>,</span> <br><span>68L</span><span>)</span><span>,</span> <a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/class"><span>class</span></a> = <span>&quot;data.frame&quot;</span><span>)</span></pre>
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<p># code used for plotting
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<pre><a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/library"><span>library</span></a><span>(</span><a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/packages/cran/ggplot2">ggplot2</a><span>)</span><br>p &lt;- <a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/packages/cran/ggplot">ggplot</a><span>(</span>IT_threats_returns<span>,</span> aes<span>(</span>x=Year<span>,</span> y=Numeric_Value<span>,</span> <a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/col"><span>col</span></a>=Desc<span>)</span><span>)</span> + geom_line<span>(</span>linetype=<span>5</span><span>,</span> size=<span>1</span><span>)</span> + theme_light<span>(</span><span>)</span> + theme<span>(</span>legend.position=<span>&quot;none&quot;</span><span>)</span> + ylab<span>(</span><span>&quot;&quot;</span><span>)</span> + xlab<span>(</span><span>&quot;&quot;</span><span>)</span><br>p + annotate<span>(</span><span>&quot;text&quot;</span><span>,</span> x=<a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/c"><span>c</span></a><span>(</span><span>2012</span><span>,</span> <span>2012</span><span>,</span> <span>2004.5</span><span>,</span> <span>2012.5</span><span>)</span><span>,</span> y=<a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/c"><span>c</span></a><span>(</span><span>47</span><span>,</span><span>34</span><span>,</span><span>18</span><span>,</span><span>10.5</span><span>)</span><span>,</span> label=<a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/c"><span>c</span></a><span>(</span><span>&quot; `Org_B` : No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot; `Org_A` : No_of_Major_Threats&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot; `Org_A` : No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot; `Org_B` : No_of_IT_Security_Emps&quot;</span><span>)</span><span>,</span> <a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/col"><span>col</span></a>=<a target="_blank" href="http://inside-r.org/r-doc/base/c"><span>c</span></a><span>(</span><span>&quot;#C77CFF&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;#7CAE00&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;#F8766D&quot;</span><span>,</span> <span>&quot;#00BFC4&quot;</span><span>)</span><span>)</span></pre>
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