<div><em><img data-orig-file="https://gigadom.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/untitled.png" data-orig-size="599,596" data-medium-file="https://gigadom.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/untitled.png?w=300&amp;h=298&amp;fit=300%2C298&amp;resize=300%2C298" data-attachment-id="5499" data-image-meta="{" data-image-description="" src="https://gigadom.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/untitled.png?w=300&h=298&fit=300%2C298&resize=300%2C298" data-permalink="https://gigadom.wordpress.com/2017/09/11/my-travels-through-the-realms-of-data-science-machine-learning-deep-learning-and-ai/untitled-106/" data-large-file="https://gigadom.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/untitled.png?w=599" alt="" data-image-title="Untitled" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" data-comments-opened="1" class="wp-image-5499" data-recalc-dims="1">Then felt I like some watcher of the skies </em></div>
<div><em>When a new planet swims into his ken; </em></div>
<div><em>Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes </em></div>
<div><em>He star’d at the Pacific—and all his men </em></div>
<div><em>Look’d at each other with a wild surmise— </em></div>
<div><em>Silent, upon a peak in Darien. </em></div>
<p> </p>
<div>On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer by John Keats</div>
<p>The above excerpt from John Keat’s poem captures the the exhilaration that one experiences, when discovering something for the first time. This also  summarizes to some extent my own as enjoyment while pursuing Data Science, Machine Learning and the like.</p>
<p>I decided to write this post, as occasionally youngsters approach me and ask me where they should start their adventure in Data Science &amp; Machine Learning. There are other times, when the ‘not-so-youngsters’ want to know what their next step should be after having done some courses. This post includes my travels through the domains of Data Science, Machine Learning, Deep Learning and (soon to be done AI).</p>
<p>By no means, am I an authority in this field, which is ever-widening and almost bottomless, yet I would like to share some of my experiences in this fascinating field. I include a short review of the courses I have done below. I also include alternative routes through  courses which I did not do, but are probably equally good as well.  Feel free to pick and choose any course or set of courses. Alternatively, you may prefer to read books or attend bricks-n-mortar classes, In any case,  I hope the list below will provide you with some overall direction.</p>
<p>All my learning in the above domains have come from MOOCs and I restrict myself to the top 3 MOOCs, or in my opinion, ‘the original MOOCs’, namely Coursera, edX or Udacity. I would recommend these 3 MOOCs over the other numerous online courses and also over face-to-face classroom courses for the following reasons. These MOOCs</p>
<ul>
<li>Are taken by world class colleges and the lectures are delivered by top class Professors who have a great depth of knowledge and a wealth of experience</li>
<li>The Professors, besides delivering quality content, also point out to important tips, tricks and traps</li>
<li>You can revisit lectures in online courses</li>
<li>Lectures are usually short between 8 -15 mins (Personally, my attention span is around 15-20 mins at a time!)</li>
</ul>
<p>Here is a fair warning and something quite obvious. No amount of courses, lectures or books will help if you don’t put it to use through some language like Octave, R or Python.</p>
<p><strong>The journey</strong><br>
My trip through Data Science, Machine Learning  started with an off-chance remark,about 3 years ago,  from an old friend of mine who spoke to me about having done a few  courses at Coursera, and really liked it.  He further suggested that I should try. This was the final push which set me sailing into this vast domain.</p>
<p>I have included the list of the courses I have done over the past 3 years (33 certifications completed and another 9 audited-listened only without doing the assignments). For each of the courses I have included a short review of the course, whether I think the course is mandatory, the language in which the course is based on, and finally whether I have done the course myself etc. I have also included alternative courses, which I may have not done, but which I think are equally good. Finally, I suggest some courses which I have heard of and which are very good and worth taking.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning" target="_blank">1. Machine Learning</a>, Stanford, Prof Andrew Ng, Coursera<br>
(Requirement: Mandatory, Language:Octave,Status:Completed)<br>
This course provides an excellent foundation to build your Machine Learning citadel on. The course covers the mathematical details of linear, logistic and multivariate regression. There is also a good coverage of topics like Neural Networks, SVMs, Anamoly Detection, underfitting, overfitting, regularization etc. Prof Andrew Ng presents the material in a very lucid manner. It is a great course to start with. It would be a good idea to brush up  some basics linear algebra, matrices and a little bit of calculus, specifically computing the local maxima/minima. You should be able to take this course even if you don’t know Octave as the Prof goes over the key aspects of the language.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://lagunita.stanford.edu/courses/HumanitiesandScience/StatLearning/Winter2015/about" target="_blank">2. Statistical Learning</a>, Prof Trevor Hastie &amp; Prof Robert Tibesherani, Online Stanford– (Requirement:Mandatory, Language:R, Status;Completed) –<br>
The course includes linear and polynomial regression, logistic regression. Details also include cross-validation and the bootstrap methods, how to do model selection and regularization (ridge and lasso). It also touches on non-linear models, generalized additive models, boosting and SVMs. Some unsupervised learning methods are  also discussed. The 2 Professors take turns in providing lectures with a slight touch of humor.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.coursera.org/specializations/jhu-data-science" target="_blank">3a. Data Science Specialization</a>: Prof Roger Peng, Prof Brian Caffo &amp; Prof Jeff Leek, John Hopkins University (Requirement: Option A, Language: R Status: Completed)<br>
This is a comprehensive 10 module specialization based on R. This Specialization gives a very broad overview of Data Science and Machine Learning. The modules cover R programming, Statistical Inference, Practical Machine Learning, how to build R products and R packages and finally has a very good Capstone project on NLP</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.coursera.org/specializations/data-science-python#courses" target="_blank">3b. Applied Data Science with Python Specialization</a>: University of Michigan (Requirement: Option B, Language: Python, Status: Not done)<br>
In this specialization I only did  the <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/python-machine-learning" target="_blank">Applied Machine Learning in Python</a> (Prof Kevyn-Collin Thomson). This is a very good course that covers a lot of Machine Learning algorithms(linear, logistic, ridge, lasso regression, knn, SVMs etc. Also included are confusion matrices, ROC curves etc. This is based on Python’s Scikit Learn</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.coursera.org/specializations/machine-learning" target="_blank">3c. Machine Learning Specialization</a>, University Of Washington (Requirement:Option C, Language:Python, Status : Not completed). This appears to be a very good Specialization in Python</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.coursera.org/specializations/statistics" target="_blank">4. Statistics with R Specialization,</a> Duke University (Requirement: Useful and a must know, Language R, Status:Not Completed)<br>
I audited (listened only) to the following 2 modules from this Specialization.<br>
a.<a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/inferential-statistics-intro" target="_blank">Inferential Statistics</a><br>
b.<a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/linear-regression-model" target="_blank">Linear Regression and Modeling</a><br>
Both these courses are taught by Prof Mine Cetikya-Rundel who delivers her lessons with extraordinary clarity.  Her lectures are filled with many examples which she walks you through in great detail</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/bayesian-statistics" target="_blank">5.Bayesian Statistics: From Concept to Data Analysis</a>: Univ of California, Santa Cruz (Requirement: Optional, Language : R, Status:Completed)<br>
This is an interesting course and provides an alternative point of view to frequentist approach</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.edx.org/xseries/data-science-engineering-apache-spark" target="_blank">6. Data Science and Engineering with Spark</a>, University of California, Berkeley, Prof Antony Joseph, Prof Ameet Talwalkar, Prof Jon Bates<br>
(Required: Mandatory for Big Data, Status:Completed, Language; pySpark)<br>
This specialization contains 3 modules<br>
a.Introduction to Apache Spark<br>
b.Distributed Machine Learning with Apache Spark<br>
c.Big Data Analysis with Apache Spark</p>
<p>This is an excellent course for those who want to make an entry into Distributed Machine Learning. The exercises are fairly challenging and your code will predominantly be made of map/reduce and lambda operations as you process data that is distributed across Spark RDDs. I really liked  the part where the Prof shows how a matrix multiplication on a single machine is of the order of O(nd^2+d^3) (which is the basis of Machine Learning) is reduced to O(nd^2) by taking outer products</p>
<p>7. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.coursera.org/specializations/deep-learning" target="_blank">Deep Learning</a> Prof Andrew Ng, Younes Bensouda Mourri, Kian Katanforoosh : Requirement:Mandatory,Language:Python, Tensorflow Status:Partially Completed)</p>
<p>The modules are<br>
a. Neural Networks and Deep Learning<br>
In this course Prof Andrew Ng explains differential calculus, linear algebra and vectorized Python implementations of Deep Learning algorithms. The derivation for back-propagation is done and then the Prof shows how to compute a multti-layered DL network<br>
b.Improving Deep Neural Networks: Hyperparameter tuning, Regularization and Optimization<br>
Deep Neural Networks can be very flexible, and come with a lots of knobs (hyper-parameters) to tune with. In this module, Prof Andrew Ng shows a systematic way to tune hyperparameters and by how much should one tune. The course also covers regularization(L1,L2,dropout), gradient descent optimization and batch normalization methods. The visualizations used to explain the momentum method, RMSprop, Adam,LR decay and batch normalization are really powerful and serve to clarify the concepts. As an added bonus,the module also includes a great introduction to Tensorflow.<br>
c.Structuring Machine Learning Projects – To do<br>
d. Convolutional Neural Networks – To do<br>
e. Sequence Models – To do<br>
This course had 5 Modules which start from the fundamentals of Neural Networks, their derivation and vectorized Python implementation. The specialzaition also covers regularization, optimization techniques, mini batch normalization, Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, LSTMs applied to a wide variety of real world problems</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks" target="_blank">8. Neural Networks for Machine Learning</a>, Prof Geoffrey Hinton,University of Toronto<br>
(Requirement: Mandatory, Language;Octave, Status:Completed)<br>
This is a broad course which starts from the basic of Perceptrons, all the way to Boltzman Machines, RNNs, CNNS, LSTMs etc The course also covers regularization, learning rate decay, momentum method etc</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.coursera.org/specializations/probabilistic-graphical-models" target="_blank">9.Probabilistic Graphical Models,</a> Stanford  Prof Daphne Koller(Language:Octave, Status: Partially completed)<br>
This has 3 courses<br>
a.Probabilistic Graphical Models 1: Representation<br>
b.Probabilistic Graphical Models 2: Inference<br>
c.Probabilistic Graphical Models 3: Learning<br>
This course discusses how a system, which can be represented as a complex interaction<br>
of probability distributions, will behave. This is probably the toughest course I did.  I did manage to get through the 1st module, While I felt that grasped a few things, I did not wholly understand the import of this. However I feel this is an important domain and I will definitely revisit this in future</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://lagunita.stanford.edu/courses/course-v1:ComputerScience+MMDS+SelfPaced/info" target="_blank">10. Mining Massive Data Sets</a> Prof Jure Leskovec, Prof Anand Rajaraman and ProfJeff Ullman. Online Stanford<br>
I did quickly audit this course, a year back, when it used to be in Coursera. It now seems to have moved to Stanford online. But this is a very good course that discusses key concepts of Mining Big Data of the order a few Petabytes</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://classroom.udacity.com/courses/cs271/lessons/48688925/concepts/486788730923" target="_blank">11. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence</a>, Prof Sebastian Thrun &amp; Prof Peter Norvig, Udacity<br>
This is a really good course. I have started on it a couple of times and somehow gave up. Quite extensive in its coverage.Touches BFS,DFS, A-Star, PGM, Machine Learning etc.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://classroom.udacity.com/courses/ud730/lessons/6370362152/concepts/63798118150923" target="_blank">12. Deep Learning (with TensorFlow)</a>, Vincent Vanhoucke, Principal Scientist at Google Brain.<br>
Got started on this one and abandoned some time back. In my to do list though</p>
<p>My learning journey is based on Lao Tzu’s dictum of ‘A good traveler has no fixed plans and is not intent on arriving’. You could have a goal and try to plan your courses accordingly.<br>
My journey continues…</p>
<p>I hope you find this list useful.<br>
Have a great journey ahead!!!</p>
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