<p>I like to start my courses in energy economics and environmental economics by asking some question like</p>
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<p>Which energy source, e.g. gas, coal, nuclear, oil, renewables had the largest absolute increase in world wide energy consumption between the years 2000 und 2016?</p>
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<p>And then show some data. Below you can see an updated version of a <a rel="nofollow" href="http://code.google.com/p/google-motion-charts-with-r/" target="_blank">googleVis</a> visualization of primary energy consumption of different sources for selected world regions (You need to install and activate the <a rel="nofollow" href="http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer" target="_blank">flash player plugin</a> to see the figures.)</p>
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<p>Units are <a rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne_of_oil_equivalent" target="_blank">MTOE (Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent)</a>.</p>
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<p>Interesting enough, it is <code>coal</code> that had the highest increase in absolute consumption between 2000 and 2016</p>
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<p>You can change the world region by clicking on the y-axis and see that this was driven by a rapid extension of chinese coal consumption between 2000 and 2013.</p>
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<p>However, chinese coal consumption has peaked in 2013 and ever so sligthly dropped from this year onwards. Is this a temporary break or a sustainable change in trend? The later would be really good news for world climate. For some background information, you can take a look at <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.climatechangenews.com/2017/03/31/chinese-co2-emissions-really-peaked/" target="_blank">this article</a>.</p>
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<p>In absolute terms renewable energy (excluding hydro energy) supply is still very low. However, if you set the y-axis to a log scale, you see that renewable energies had high growth rates in recent years in many countries (including NON-OECD countries like China and India). Will this exponential growth continue for a long while? Also that would be great news. However, if you take a look at Germany, which already has a relatively high share of renewable energy production, you see even a slight decrease from 2015 to 2016 (which was not a very windy year).</p>
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<p>The data was collected from the <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html" target="_blank">BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017</a>. I converted the data from several sheets of the large <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/excel/energy-economics/statistical-review-2017/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2017-underpinning-data.xlsx" target="_blank">excel file</a> into a format more amenable for data analysis. You can download the transformed data and take a look at the conversion script in R here: <a rel="nofollow" href="https://github.com/skranz/bpdata" target="_blank">https://github.com/skranz/bpdata</a></p>
<p>You can find some more visualizations of energy and enviornmental data here:<br>
<a rel="nofollow" href="http://econ.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/datablog/" target="_blank">http://econ.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/datablog/</a></p>
<p>Alternatively, if you want to learn about diverse economic data in quiz form, you can take a look at my data quiz: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://skranz.github.io//r/2017/10/23/Dataquiz.html" target="_blank">http://skranz.github.io//r/2017/10/23/Dataquiz.html</a></p>
<p>But let me show you one more visualization that allows you to compare CO2 emissions and total energy usage for different world regions:</p>
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<p>World wide CO2 emissions are steadily increasing even though growth has flatten from 2013 onwards. While there has been a small reduction in OECD countries, there has been substantial growth from Non-OECD countries.</p>
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<p>Consisent with its development on coal consumption, China’s growth in CO2 emissions has been substantial. The <em>increase</em> between 2010 and 2010 exceeds the total emissions of the EU. However, China’s emissions have plateaued in 2013 and have slightly decreased since then. On a per capita basis, China’s emissions have plateaued on a level between Germany and France.</p>
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<li>While still on a much smaller level (in particular on a per capita basis), also Indias CO2 emissions are quickly increasing. They almost doubled since 2000.</li>
<li>US per capita emissions are still far above the level of China or other European countries and similar results hold for energy consumption.
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<li>We see however a reduction of CO2 emissions in the US. One reason is the substitution of coal with gas, but also total primary energy consumption has gone down.</li>
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<li>In the EU CO2 emissions are only slowly decreasing, with primary energy consumption beeing quite flat.</li>
<li>In Germany CO2 emission stagnated in the last 4 years, after a soft decline before.
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<li>In this period renewable energy production has steadily grown.</li>
<li>On the other hand, also electricity production by CO2 intensive coal has increased while less electricity has been produced from gas and nuclear energy.</li>
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<li>It is also interesting to compare total primary energy usage per capita and tonnes CO2 emmission per tonne oil-equivalent of primary energy usage:
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<li>Germany and the US emmit almost the same amount of CO2 per unit energy, but the US has much larger energy usage per capita.</li>
<li>In contrast, Germany and France have relatively similar primary energy consumption per capita, but France uses substantially less carbon per energy unit.</li>
<li>While CO2 emissions per energy unit are recently slowly declining in both OECD and Non-OECD countries, primary energy consumption has quickly increased in Non-OECD countries, albeit, as we see for China and India, still on a much lower per capita level than in Germany, France or the US.</li>
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<li>The CO2 emissions per $ of GDP are generally decreasing, but there are still substantial gaps between countries.</li>
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<p><img width="1" alt="" src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/skranz_R/~4/i5dDnmcysGk" height="1"></p>
	<img width="1" alt="" src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/RBloggers/~4/E2L6auAwOaE" height="1">