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(This article was first published on <strong><a href="https://fronkonstin.com/2018/08/05/how-do-we-draw-a-line/"> R – Fronkonstin</a></strong>, and kindly contributed to <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.r-bloggers.com/">R-bloggers)</a> </div>
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<blockquote>
<p>She dreams in colour, she dreams in red, can’t find a better man (Better Man, Pearl Jam)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Today I bring another experiment based on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://github.com/googlecreativelab/quickdraw-dataset" target="_blank">The Quick Draw! Data</a> from Google, one of my most fortunate discoveries of the last times. The Quick Draw! is a web game developed by Google, that can be played on a computer, tablet or mobile phone, in which you are asked to draw something (for example, a <em>bird</em>). Then you have just 20 seconds to do it. You win if a machine, trained with a neural network, deduces what are you drawing. The best way to understand how it works is playing to it <a rel="nofollow" href="https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/" target="_blank">here</a>. Google published data of about 50 million drawings across 345 categories, contributed by players of the game from all over the world. Datasets are in <code>ndjson</code> format (newline delimited JSON). In my <a rel="nofollow" href="https://fronkonstin.com/2018/07/01/exploring-the-quick-draw-dataset-with-r-the-mona-lisa/" target="_blank">previous post</a> I analyzed one of these datasets, and showed a way to parse and represent the drawings in <code>ggplot</code>.</p>
<p>In this occasion I analyze the simplest drawing that Google can ask you: a line. The dataset, which is called <code>lines.ndjson</code>, can be found <a rel="nofollow" href="https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/browser/quickdraw_dataset/full/simplified" target="_blank">here</a> and contains more than 143.000 <em>lines</em> drawn by people from about 170 countries. Most of these drawings come from The United States (45.4%), United Kingdom (7.5%), Canada (3.6%), Germany (3.5%) and Russian Federation (2.3%).</p>
<p>Let’s try to understand how humans draw lines. Concretely, in which direction do we draw them: horizontally? toward right o left? vertically? toward up or down? This analysis is inspired in two great articles I read recently:</p>
<ul>
<li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://qz.com/994486/the-way-you-draw-circles-says-a-lot-about-you/" target="_blank">How do you draw a circle?</a> by <a rel="nofollow" href="https://qz.com/" target="_blank">Quartz</a>, an amazing analysis which shows how cultural circumstances strongly determine the way in which we draw circles.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://geoffboeing.com/2018/07/city-street-orientations-world/" target="_blank">City Street Orientations around the World</a> by <a rel="nofollow" href="https://geoffboeing.com/" target="_blank">Geoff Boeing</a>, an awesome analysis and data visualization which gave me the idea of doing polar graphs to show my results.</li>
</ul>
<p>There are some technical details around this experiment I would highlight:</p>
<ul>
<li>I parse the dataset using <code>fromJSON</code> function from <code>rjson</code> package.</li>
<li>I use <code>purrr</code> package to apply a linear regression to the points defining the line for each drawing.</li>
<li>I easily convert the summary of the linear regression into a data frame using <code>tidy</code> function from <code>broom</code> package.</li>
<li>I use the slope of the regression to obtain the angle which describes the line (depending on where it is started I add <code>pi</code> to de arctangent of the slope)</li>
<li>I represent the frequence of angles using polar coordinates dividing circle in sections of 30 degrees in the following way: <code>345°- 15°</code>, <code>15°- 45°</code>, <code>45°-75°</code>, <code>75°-105°</code>, …, <code>315°-345°</code> so for example, horizontal lines from left to right will <em>fall</em> into 345º- 15º category.</li>
</ul>
<p>This is how do we draw lines analysing the entire dataset, without doing any distinction by country:</p>
<p><img alt="" width="450" src="https://i2.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/world.png?resize=604%2C604&ssl=1" class="wp-image-4606" data-recalc-dims="1"></p>
<p>The fact seems clear: <em>an average human who plays to the Quick Draw! game</em>, draws a line horizontally from left to right with a probability of 59%. I have to admite that I expected a majority of <em>horizontal-left-to-right</em> lines, but not as crushingly as the plot shows. Maybe my <em>a priori</em> is far from the reality because I am lefty and I would draw it in another way. Remember as well that this mean human will probably come from The United States.</p>
<p>Are there differences by country? Yes, and they are very interesting. I removed all that countries with less then 150 drawings. Taking this into account, these are the four countries where more people draw <em>vertical bottom-up</em> lines:</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://fronkonstin.com/2018/08/05/how-do-we-draw-a-line/plot_ca/" target="_blank"><img data-orig-file="https://i1.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_CA.png?fit=3000%2C3000&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="3000,3000" data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_CA.png?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-attachment-id="4611" data-image-meta="{" src="https://i1.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_CA.png?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-image-description="" data-permalink="https://fronkonstin.com/2018/08/05/how-do-we-draw-a-line/plot_ca/" data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_CA.png?fit=604%2C604&amp;ssl=1" alt="" data-image-title="plot_CA" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" width="300" data-comments-opened="1" height="300"></a><br>
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<a rel="nofollow" href="https://fronkonstin.com/2018/08/05/how-do-we-draw-a-line/plot_us/" target="_blank"><img data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_US.png?fit=3000%2C3000&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="3000,3000" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_US.png?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-attachment-id="4614" data-image-meta="{" src="https://i0.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_US.png?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-image-description="" data-permalink="https://fronkonstin.com/2018/08/05/how-do-we-draw-a-line/plot_us/" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_US.png?fit=604%2C604&amp;ssl=1" alt="" data-image-title="plot_US" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" width="300" data-comments-opened="1" height="300"></a></p>
<p>And these are where more people draw horizontal <em>right-left</em> lines:</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://fronkonstin.com/2018/08/05/how-do-we-draw-a-line/plot_eg/" target="_blank"><img data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_EG.png?fit=3000%2C3000&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="3000,3000" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_EG.png?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-attachment-id="4615" data-image-meta="{" src="https://i0.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_EG.png?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-image-description="" data-permalink="https://fronkonstin.com/2018/08/05/how-do-we-draw-a-line/plot_eg/" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_EG.png?fit=604%2C604&amp;ssl=1" alt="" data-image-title="plot_EG" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" width="300" data-comments-opened="1" height="300"></a><br>
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<a rel="nofollow" href="https://fronkonstin.com/2018/08/05/how-do-we-draw-a-line/plot_sa/" target="_blank"><img data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_SA.png?fit=3000%2C3000&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="3000,3000" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_SA.png?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-attachment-id="4618" data-image-meta="{" src="https://i0.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_SA.png?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-image-description="" data-permalink="https://fronkonstin.com/2018/08/05/how-do-we-draw-a-line/plot_sa/" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_SA.png?fit=604%2C604&amp;ssl=1" alt="" data-image-title="plot_SA" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" width="300" data-comments-opened="1" height="300"></a></p>
<p>We’ve seen that on average, 59% of lines are drawn from left to right. This figure reaches more than 75% in the following countries:</p>
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<p>And where do people draw more <em>oblique</em> lines? Here:</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://fronkonstin.com/2018/08/05/how-do-we-draw-a-line/plot_cl-2/" target="_blank"><img data-orig-file="https://i1.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_CL-1.png?fit=3000%2C3000&amp;ssl=1" data-orig-size="3000,3000" data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_CL-1.png?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1" data-attachment-id="4623" data-image-meta="{" src="https://i1.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_CL-1.png?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-image-description="" data-permalink="https://fronkonstin.com/2018/08/05/how-do-we-draw-a-line/plot_cl-2/" data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/fronkonstin.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/plot_CL-1.png?fit=604%2C604&amp;ssl=1" alt="" data-image-title="plot_CL" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" width="300" data-comments-opened="1" height="300"></a><br>
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<p>Surprisingly, a very small amount of lines are drawn toward down, which seems me quite intriguing.</p>
<p>Some thoughts (let me know yours):</p>
<ul>
<li>Humans prefer doing horizontal lines from <em>left-to-right</em> everywhere</li>
<li>In case of drawing vertical, we clearly prefer <em>bottom-up</em> movement rather than the opposite; maybe the device configuration or the arrangement of the application motivates this behaviour.</li>
<li>Arab and hebrew are written from <em>right-to-left:</em> this fact seems to have a significant influence on the way that people draw lines.</li>
</ul>
<p>You can find the code of this experiment <a rel="nofollow" href="https://github.com/aschinchon/quickdraw-R-lines" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
	<p>
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