{"id":8140,"date":"2018-02-06T15:29:49","date_gmt":"2018-02-06T20:29:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/?p=8140"},"modified":"2018-03-07T16:50:11","modified_gmt":"2018-03-07T21:50:11","slug":"quick-and-clean-dmarc-record-processing-with-inline-rcpp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2018\/02\/06\/quick-and-clean-dmarc-record-processing-with-inline-rcpp\/","title":{"rendered":"Quick and Clean DMARC Record Processing with “Inline” Rcpp"},"content":{"rendered":"

Much of what I need to do for work-work involves using tools that are (for the moment) not in R. Today, I needed to test the validity of (and other processing on) DMARC records<\/a> and I’m loathe<\/em> to either reinvent the wheel or reticulate bits from a fragmented programming language ecosystem unless absolutely necessary. Thankfully, there’s libopendmarc<\/code><\/a> which works well on sane operating systems, but it is a C library that needs an interface to use in R.<\/p>\n

However, I also really<\/em> didn’t want to start a new package for this just<\/em> yet (there will eventually be one, though, and I prefer working in a package context for Rcpp work). I just needed to run opendmarc_policy_store_dmarc()<\/code><\/a> against a decent-sized chunk of domain names and already-retrieved DMARC TXT<\/code> records. So, I decided to write a small “inline” cppFunction()<\/code> to get’er done.<\/p>\n

Why am I blogging about this?<\/p>\n

Despite growing popularity and a nice examples site<\/a>, many newcomers to Rcpp<\/code> (literally the<\/em> way you want to go when it comes to bridging C[++] and R) still voice discontent about there not being enough “easy” examples. Granted, they are quitely likely looking for full-bore tutorials covering a different, explicit use cases. The aforelinked Gallery has some of those and there are<\/em> codified examples in — literally — rcppexamples<\/code><\/a>. But, there definitely needs to be more blog posts, books and such linking to them and expanding upon them.<\/p>\n

Having mentioned that I’m using cppFunction()<\/code>, one could, further, ask “cppFunction()<\/code> has a help page with an example, so why blather about using it?”<\/em>. Fair point! And, there is<\/em> a reason which was hinted at in the opening paragraph.<\/p>\n

I need to use libopendmarc<\/code> and that requires making a “plugin” if I’m going to do this “inline”. For some other DMARC processing I also need to use libresolv<\/code> since the library needs to make DNS requests and uses resolv<\/code>. You don’t need a plugin for a package version as you just need to boilerplate some “find these libraries and get their paths right for Makevars.in<\/code>” and add the linking code in there as well. Here, we need to register two plugins that provide metdata for the magic that happens under the covers when Rcpp<\/code> takes your inline code, compiles it and makes the function shared object available in R.<\/p>\n

Plugins can be complex and do transformations, but the two I needed to write are just helping ensure the right #include<\/code> lines are there along with the right linker libraries. Here they are:<\/p>\n

library(Rcpp)\r\n\r\nregisterPlugin(\r\n  name = "libresolv",\r\n  plugin = function(x) {\r\n    list(\r\n      includes = "",\r\n      env = list(PKG_LIBS="-lresolv")\r\n    )\r\n  }\r\n)\r\n\r\nregisterPlugin(\r\n  name = "libopendmarc",\r\n  plugin = function(x) {\r\n    list(\r\n      includes = "#include <opendmarc\/dmarc.h>",\r\n      env = list(PKG_LIBS="-lopendmarc")\r\n    )\r\n  }\r\n)<\/code><\/pre>\n
All they do is make data structures available in the environment. We can use inline::getPlugin()<\/code> to see them:<\/p>\n
inline::getPlugin("libresolv")\r\n## $includes\r\n## [1] ""\r\n##\r\n## $env\r\n## $env$PKG_LIBS\r\n## [1] "-lresolv"\r\n\r\n\r\ninline::getPlugin("libopendmarc")\r\n## $includes\r\n## [1] "#include <opendmarc\/dmarc.h>"\r\n## \r\n## $env\r\n## $env$PKG_LIBS\r\n## [1] "-lopendmarc"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Finally, the tiny bit of C\/C++ code to take in the necessary parameters and return the result. In this case, we’re passing in a character vector of domain names and DMARC records and getting back a logical vector with the test results. Apart from the necessary initialization and cleanup code for libopendmarc<\/code> this is an idiom you’ll recognize if you look over packages that use Rcpp.<\/p>\n
cppFunction(\r\nstd::vector< bool > is_dmarc_valid(std::vector< std::string> domains,\r\n                                   std::vector< std::string> dmarc_records) {\r\n\r\n  std::vector< bool > out(dmarc_records.size());\r\n\r\n  DMARC_POLICY_T *pctx;\r\n  OPENDMARC_STATUS_T status;\r\n\r\n  pctx = opendmarc_policy_connect_init((u_char *)"1.2.3.4", 0);\r\n\r\n  for (unsigned int i=0; i<dmarc_records.size(); i++) {\r\n\r\n    status = opendmarc_policy_store_dmarc(\r\n      pctx,\r\n      (u_char *)dmarc_records[i].c_str(),\r\n      (u_char *)domains[i].c_str(),\r\n      NULL\r\n    );\r\n\r\n    out[i] = (status == DMARC_PARSE_OKAY);\r\n\r\n    pctx = opendmarc_policy_connect_rset(pctx);\r\n\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  pctx = opendmarc_policy_connect_shutdown(pctx);\r\n\r\n  return(out);\r\n\r\n}\r\n,\r\nplugins=c("libresolv", "libopendmarc"))<\/code><\/pre>\n
(Note: the code-formatting plugin was tossing a serious fit about the long text field so you’ll need to put a single quote after cppFunction(<\/code> and before the line with the ,<\/code> if you’re cutting and pasting at home).<\/span><\/p>\n
Right at the end, the final parameter is telling cppFunction()<\/code> what plugins to use.<\/p>\n
Executing that line shunts a modified version of the function to disk, compiles it and lets us use the function in R (use cacheDir<\/code>, showOutput<\/code> and verbose<\/code> parameters to control how many gory details lie undeneath this pristine shell).<\/p>\n
After running the function, is_dmarc_valid()<\/code> is available in the environment and ready to use.<\/p>\n
domains <- c("bit.ly", "bizible.com", "blackmountainsystems.com", "blackspoke.com")\r\ndmarc <-  c("v=DMARC1; p=none; pct=100; rua=mailto:dmarc@bit.ly; ruf=mailto:ruf@dmarc.bitly.net; fo=1;", \r\n            "v=DMARC1; p=reject; fo=1; rua=mailto:postmaster@bizible.com; ruf=mailto:forensics@bizible.com;", \r\n            "v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; pct=100; rua=mailto:demarcrecords@blkmtn.com, mailto:ttran@blkmtn.com", \r\n            "user.cechire.com.")\r\n\r\nis_dmarc_valid(domains, dmarc)\r\n## [1]  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE FALSE<\/code><\/pre>\n
Processing those 5 took just about 10 microseconds which meant I could process the ~1,000,000 domains+DMARCs in no time at all. And, I have something I can use in a DMARC utility package (coming “soon”).<\/p>\n
Hopefully this was a useful reference for both hooking up external libraries to “inline” Rcpp functions and for how to go about doing this type of thing in general.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Much of what I need to do for work-work involves using tools that are (for the moment) not in R. Today, I needed to test the validity of (and other processing on) DMARC records and I’m loathe to either reinvent the wheel or reticulate bits from a fragmented programming language ecosystem unless absolutely necessary. Thankfully, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[810,808],"class_list":["post-8140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-r","tag-post","tag-rcpp"],"yoast_head":"\nQuick and Clean DMARC Record Processing with "Inline" Rcpp - rud.is<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2018\/02\/06\/quick-and-clean-dmarc-record-processing-with-inline-rcpp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quick and Clean DMARC Record Processing with "Inline" Rcpp - rud.is\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Much of what I need to do for work-work involves using tools that are (for the moment) not in R. 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There have been some serious improvements since said\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "mqtt"","block_context":{"text":"mqtt","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/mqtt\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3622,"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2015\/08\/21\/doh-i-could-have-had-just-used-v8\/","url_meta":{"origin":8140,"position":3},"title":"Doh! I Could Have Had Just Used V8!","author":"hrbrmstr","date":"2015-08-21","format":false,"excerpt":"An R user recently had the need to split a \"full, human name\" into component parts to retrieve first & last names. The full names could be anything from something simple like _\"David Regan\"_ to more complex & diverse such as _\"John Smith Jr.\"_, _\"Izaque Iuzuru Nagata\"_ or _\"Christian Schmit\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Javascript"","block_context":{"text":"Javascript","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/javascript\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":11894,"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2019\/02\/09\/quick-hit-speeding-up-a-slow-mundane-task-with-a-little-rcpp\/","url_meta":{"origin":8140,"position":4},"title":"Quick Hit: Speeding Up a Slow\/Mundane Task with a Little Rcpp","author":"hrbrmstr","date":"2019-02-09","format":false,"excerpt":"Over at $DAYJOB's blog I've queued up a post that shows how to use our new ropendata? package to work with our Open Data portal's API. I'm not super-sure when it's going to be posted so keep an RSS reader fixed on https:\/\/blog.rapid7.com\/ if you're interested in seeing it (I\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "C++"","block_context":{"text":"C++","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/c\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4527,"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2016\/07\/12\/slaying-cidr-orcs-with-triebeard-a-k-a-fast-trie-based-ipv4-in-cidr-lookups-in-r\/","url_meta":{"origin":8140,"position":5},"title":"Slaying CIDR Orcs with Triebeard (a.k.a. fast trie-based ‘IPv4-in-CIDR’ lookups in R)","author":"hrbrmstr","date":"2016-07-12","format":false,"excerpt":"The insanely productive elf-lord, @quominus put together a small package ([`triebeard`](https:\/\/github.com\/ironholds\/triebeard)) that exposes an API for [radix\/prefix tries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trie) at both the R and Rcpp levels. I know he had some personal needs for this and we both kinda need these to augment some functions in our `iptools` package. Despite `triebeard`\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Cybersecurity"","block_context":{"text":"Cybersecurity","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/cybersecurity\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8140"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8140\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}