{"id":7803,"date":"2018-01-15T15:08:38","date_gmt":"2018-01-15T20:08:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/?p=7803"},"modified":"2018-03-10T07:54:16","modified_gmt":"2018-03-10T12:54:16","slug":"cant-stop-at-21-twitter-recipe-22-tying-up-loose-threads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2018\/01\/15\/cant-stop-at-21-twitter-recipe-22-tying-up-loose-threads\/","title":{"rendered":"Can&#8217;t Stop at 21: Twitter Recipe #22 \u2014 Tying Up Loose Threads"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>NOTE: The likelihood of this recipe being added to the recent <a href=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/books\/21-recipes\/\">practice <code>bookdown<\/code> book<\/a> is slim, but I&#8217;ll try to keep the same format for the blog post.<\/p>\n<h3>Problem<\/h3>\n<p>You want to collect all the tweets in a Twitter tweet thread<\/p>\n<h3>Solution<\/h3>\n<p>Use a few key functions in <code>rtweet<\/code> to piece the thread elements back together.<\/p>\n<h3>Discussion<\/h3>\n<p>In Twitterland, a &#8220;thread&#8221; is a series of tweets by an author that are in a reply chain to each other which enables them to be displayed sequentially to form a larger &amp; (ostensibly) more cohesive message. Even with the recent 280 character tweet-length increase, threads are still popular and used daily. They&#8217;re very easy to distinguish on Twitter but there is no Twitter API call to collect up all the pieces of these threads.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s build a function &#8212; <code>get_thread()<\/code> &#8212; that will take as input a starting thread URL or status id and return a data frame of all the tweets in the thread (in order). As a bonus, we&#8217;ll also include a way to include all first-level retweets and replies to each threaded tweet (that, too, happens quite a bit).<\/p>\n<p>There are documentation snippets in the code block (below), but the essence of the function is:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>first, finding the tweet that belongs to the status id to get some metadata<\/li>\n<li>then doing a search for tweets from the author that occurred after that tweet (we do this to save on API calls and we grab a bunch of them)<\/li>\n<li>rather than do a bunch of things by hand, we make from\/to pairs to feed in as vertex edges into <code>igraph<\/code><\/li>\n<li>once that&#8217;s done, separate out the graph into unique subgraphs and find the one containing the starting status id<\/li>\n<li>since that subgraph is just a set of status ids, rebuild the data frame from it and put it in order.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There may be occasions where we want to grab the replies or RTs of any of the original thread tweets. They aren&#8217;t always useful, but when they are it&#8217;d be good to have this context. So, we&#8217;ll add an option that &#8212; if <code>TRUE<\/code> &#8212; will cause the function to go down the list of threaded tweets and pull the first-level replies and RTs (excluding the ones from the author). We&#8217;ll do this using the Twitter search API as it&#8217;ll ultimately save on API calls and it puts the filtering closer to the data (I&#8217;m generally &#8220;a fan&#8221; of putting computation as close to the data as possible for any given task). If there were any, they&#8217;ll be in a <code>replies<\/code> column which can be unnested at-will.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s the complete function:<\/p>\n<pre id=\"2018-tweet-thread-01\"><code class=\"language-r\">get_thread &lt;- function(first_status, include_replies=FALSE, .timeline_history=3000) {\r\n\r\n  require(rtweet, quietly=TRUE, warn.conflicts=FALSE)\r\n  require(igraph, quietly=TRUE, warn.conflicts=FALSE)\r\n  require(tidyverse, quietly=TRUE, warn.conflicts=FALSE)\r\n\r\n  first_status &lt;- if (str_detect(first_status[1], &quot;^http[s]:\/\/&quot;)) basename(first_status[1]) else first_status[1]\r\n\r\n  # get first status\r\n  orig &lt;- rtweet::lookup_tweets(first_status)\r\n\r\n  # grab the author&#039;s timeline to search\r\n  author_timeline &lt;- rtweet::get_timeline(orig$screen_name, n=.timeline_history, since_id=first_status)\r\n\r\n  # build a data frame containing from\/to pairs (anything the author\r\n  # replied to) that also includes the `first_status` id.\r\n  suppressWarnings(\r\n    dplyr::filter(\r\n      author_timeline,\r\n      (status_id == first_status) | (reply_to_screen_name == orig$screen_name)\r\n    ) %&gt;%\r\n      dplyr::select(status_id, reply_to_status_id) %&gt;%\r\n      igraph::graph_from_data_frame() -&gt; g\r\n  ) # build a graph from this\r\n\r\n  # decompose the graph into unique subgraphs and return them to data frames\r\n  igraph::decompose(g) %&gt;%\r\n    purrr::map(igraph::as_data_frame) -&gt; threads_dfs\r\n\r\n  # find the thread with our `first_status` ids\r\n\r\n  thread_df &lt;- purrr::keep(threads_dfs, ~any(which(unique(unlist(.x, use.names=FALSE)) == first_status)))\r\n\r\n  # BONUS: we get them in the order we need!\r\n  thread_order &lt;- purrr::discard(rev(unique(unlist(thread_df))), str_detect, &quot;NA&quot;)\r\n\r\n  # filter out the thread from the timeline corpus &amp; sort it\r\n  dplyr::filter(author_timeline, status_id %in% pull(thread_df[[1]], from)) %&gt;%\r\n    dplyr::mutate(status_id = factor(status_id, levels=thread_order)) %&gt;%\r\n    dplyr::arrange(status_id) -&gt; tweet_thread\r\n\r\n  if (include_replies) {\r\n    # for each status, lookup 1st-level references to it, excluding ones from the original author\r\n    mutate(\r\n      tweet_thread,\r\n      replies = purrr::map(\r\n        as.character(status_id),\r\n        ~rtweet::search_tweets(sprintf(&quot;%s -from:%s&quot;, .x, orig$screen_name[1]))\r\n      )\r\n    ) -&gt; tweet_thread\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  class(tweet_thread) &lt;-  c(&quot;tweet_thread&quot;, class(tweet_thread))\r\n\r\n  return(tweet_thread)\r\n\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Now, if we grab <a href=\"https:\/\/mobile.twitter.com\/petersagal\/status\/952910499825451009\">this thread<\/a>, the function will return the following:<\/p>\n<pre id=\"2018-tweet-thread-02\"><code class=\"language-r\">xdf &lt;- get_thread(&quot;https:\/\/twitter.com\/petersagal\/status\/952910499825451009&quot;)\r\n\r\nglimpse(select(xdf, 1:5))\r\n## Observations: 10\r\n## Variables: 5\r\n## $ status_id   &lt;fctr&gt; 952910499825451009, 952910695804305408, 952911012990193664, 952911632077852679, 9529121...\r\n## $ created_at  &lt;dttm&gt; 2018-01-15 14:29:02, 2018-01-15 14:29:48, 2018-01-15 14:31:04, 2018-01-15 14:33:31, 201...\r\n## $ user_id     &lt;chr&gt; &quot;14985228&quot;, &quot;14985228&quot;, &quot;14985228&quot;, &quot;14985228&quot;, &quot;14985228&quot;, &quot;14985228&quot;, &quot;14985228&quot;, &quot;149...\r\n## $ screen_name &lt;chr&gt; &quot;petersagal&quot;, &quot;petersagal&quot;, &quot;petersagal&quot;, &quot;petersagal&quot;, &quot;petersagal&quot;, &quot;petersagal&quot;, &quot;pet...\r\n## $ text        &lt;chr&gt; &quot;Funny you mention that. I talked to Minniejean (Brown) Trickey, one of the Little Rock ...\r\n\r\npurrr::map(xdf$text, strwrap) %&gt;% \r\n  purrr::map_chr(paste0, collapse=&quot;\\n&quot;) %&gt;% \r\n  cat(sep=&quot;\\n\\n&quot;)\r\n## Funny you mention that. I talked to Minniejean (Brown) Trickey, one of the Little Rock Nine, about\r\n## that very day in front of CHS for my documentary, &quot;Constitution USA.&quot; https:\/\/t.co\/MRwtlfZtvp\r\n## \r\n## You would think that of all people, she would be satisfied with the government&#039;s response to racism\r\n## and hate. Ike sent the 101st Airborne to escort her to class!\r\n## \r\n## But what I didn&#039;t know is that after the 101st left, CHS expelled her on a trumped up charge of\r\n## assault after she spilled some chili on a white student.\r\n## \r\n## She spilled some chili. After being tripped by another white kid. &quot;We got rid of one of them!&quot; the\r\n## teachers bragged.\r\n## \r\n## Then, of course, rather than continue to allow black students to attend CHS, the governor of Alabama\r\n## closed the schools. https:\/\/t.co\/2DfBEI0OTL&quot;The_Lost_Year&quot;\r\n## \r\n## Ms Brown looked around the country post high school. She saw Jim Crow, firehoses turned on Blacks,\r\n## the murder of the Birmingham Four and the Mississippi Three. She moved to Canada.\r\n## \r\n## As of 2012, she found herself coming back to Little Rock, a place she told me she never wanted to\r\n## see again. But she had family. And the National Historic Site center was there. She liked to drop\r\n## by, talk to the kids about what happened.\r\n## \r\n## Now she lives in Little Rock full time. She doesn&#039;t care that her name is inscribed on a bench in\r\n## front of the school. She doesn&#039;t care that your dad welcomed her back in &#039;99.  She spends time at\r\n## the Center, telling people what really happened. You should go talk to her.\r\n## \r\n## (Sorry: Arkansas, obviously. Typing too quickly.)\r\n## \r\n## Here&#039;s me, talking to Ms Trickey and Marty Sammon, who served with the 101st at Little Rock. Buddy\r\n## Squiers on camera. CHS is off to the left. https:\/\/t.co\/ft4LUBf3sr\r\n## \r\n## https:\/\/t.co\/EHLbe1finj<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>The <code>replies<\/code> data frame looks much the same as the thread data frame &#8212; it&#8217;s essentially just another <code>rtweet<\/code> data frame, so we won&#8217;t waste electrons showing it.<\/p>\n<p>While that <code>map<\/code>\/<code>map<\/code>\/<code>cat<\/code> sequence isn&#8217;t bad to type, it&#8217;d be more convenient if we had a <code>print()<\/code> method for this structure (this is one reason we added a class to it). It&#8217;d be even spiffier if this <code>print()<\/code> method made it easier to distinguish the main thread from the RT&#8217;s\/replies &#8212; but still show those extra bits of info. We&#8217;ll use the <code>crayon<\/code> package for added emphasis:<\/p>\n<pre id=\"2018-tweet-thread-03\"><code class=\"language-r\">print.tweet_thread &lt;- function(x, ...) {\r\n  \r\n  cat(crayon::cyan(sprintf(&quot;@%s - %s\\n\\n&quot;, x$screen_name[1], x$created_at[1])))\r\n  \r\n  if (!(&quot;replies&quot; %in% colnames(x))) x$replies &lt;- purrr::map(1:nrow(x), ~list())\r\n  \r\n  purrr::walk2(x$text, x$replies, ~{\r\n    \r\n    cat(crayon::green(paste0(strwrap(.x), collapse=&quot;\\n&quot;)), &quot;\\n\\n&quot;, sep=&quot;&quot;)\r\n    \r\n    if (length(.y) &gt; 0) {\r\n      purrr::walk2(.y$screen_name, .y$text, ~{\r\n        sprintf(&quot;@%s\\n%s&quot;, .x, .y) %&gt;%\r\n          strwrap(indent=8, exdent=8) %&gt;%\r\n          paste0(collapse=&quot;\\n&quot;) %&gt;%\r\n          crayon::silver$italic() %&gt;%\r\n          cat(&quot;\\n\\n&quot;, sep=&quot;&quot;)\r\n      })\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n  })\r\n  \r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Let&#8217;s re-capture the tweet thread but also include replies this time and print it out:<\/p>\n<pre id=\"2018-tweet-thread-04\"><code class=\"language-r\">ydf &lt;- get_thread(&quot;https:\/\/twitter.com\/petersagal\/status\/952910499825451009&quot;, include_replies=TRUE)\r\n\r\nydf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Screen-Shot-2018-01-15-at-3.01.13-PM.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"7806\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2018\/01\/15\/cant-stop-at-21-twitter-recipe-22-tying-up-loose-threads\/screen-shot-2018-01-15-at-3-01-13-pm\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Screen-Shot-2018-01-15-at-3.01.13-PM.png?fit=1620%2C2020&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1620,2020\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Screen Shot 2018-01-15 at 3.01.13 PM\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Screen-Shot-2018-01-15-at-3.01.13-PM.png?fit=510%2C636&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Screen-Shot-2018-01-15-at-3.01.13-PM.png?resize=510%2C636&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"510\" height=\"636\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7806\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>See Also<\/h3>\n<p>I&#8217;ve git-chatted with Sir Kearney to see where to best put this function. I mention that as there are some upcoming posts that kick the aforeblogged <a href=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2017\/12\/30\/r%E2%81%B6-capture-tweets-with-tweet_shot\/\"><code>tweet_shot()<\/code><\/a> up a notch or two and all of this may work better in a <code>tweetview<\/code> package.<\/p>\n<p>Regardless, drop a note in the comments if there are other bits of functionality or function options you think belong in <code>get_thread()<\/code>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NOTE: The likelihood of this recipe being added to the recent practice bookdown book is slim, but I&#8217;ll try to keep the same format for the blog post. Problem You want to collect all the tweets in a Twitter tweet thread Solution Use a few key functions in rtweet to piece the thread elements back [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[91,655],"tags":[810],"class_list":["post-7803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-r","category-twitter-2","tag-post"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Can&#039;t Stop at 21: Twitter Recipe #22 \u2014 Tying Up Loose Threads - rud.is<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2018\/01\/15\/cant-stop-at-21-twitter-recipe-22-tying-up-loose-threads\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Can&#039;t Stop at 21: Twitter Recipe #22 \u2014 Tying Up Loose Threads - rud.is\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NOTE: The likelihood of this recipe being added to the recent practice bookdown book is slim, but I&#8217;ll try to keep the same format for the blog post. 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