{"id":6154,"date":"2017-08-13T08:28:42","date_gmt":"2017-08-13T13:28:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/?p=6154"},"modified":"2018-03-07T17:07:06","modified_gmt":"2018-03-07T22:07:06","slug":"r%e2%81%b6-exploring-macos-applications-with-codesign-gatekeeper-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2017\/08\/13\/r%e2%81%b6-exploring-macos-applications-with-codesign-gatekeeper-r\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u2076 \u2014 Exploring macOS Applications with codesign, Gatekeeper &#038; R"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(General reminder abt &#8220;R\u2076&#8221; posts in that they are heavy on code-examples, minimal on expository. I try to design them with 2-3 &#8220;nuggets&#8221; embedded for those who take the time to walk through the code examples on their systems. I&#8217;ll always provide further expository if requested in a comment, so don&#8217;t hesitate to ask if something is confusing.)<\/p>\n<p>I had to check something on the macOS systems across the abode today and &#8212; on a lark &#8212; decided to do all the &#8220;shell&#8221; scripting in R vs <code>bash<\/code> for a change. After performing the tasks, it occurred to me that not all R users on macOS realize there are hidden gems of information spread across the &#8220;boring&#8221; parts of the filesystem in SQLite databases. So, I put together a small example that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>identifies all the top-level apps in <code>\/Applications<\/code><\/li>\n<li>extracts code signing information from them into a tibble<\/li>\n<li>grabs the <a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-us\/HT202491\">Gatekeeper<\/a> whitelist database<\/li>\n<li>uses an internal SQLite transformation function inside a <code>dplyr<\/code> chain<\/li>\n<li>merges the info and gives you a basis to explore your apps<\/li>\n<li>shows off the <em>wicked cool<\/em> <code>processx<\/code> package by @gaborcsardi that you should be using in place of <code>system()<\/code> \/ <code>system2()<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A quick note about this Gatekeeper database: If an app is not already recognized by macOS and you allow it to run your local system is updated to &#8220;whitelist&#8221; this app so you don&#8217;t get the notification in the future. Apple maintains a large signature list that gets updated throughout the year on your system and your own list is merged with it.<\/p>\n<p>A second quick note (I guess I&#8217;m doing more expository than promised :-) about <code>QUOTE()<\/code>: In certain <code>dplyr<\/code> \/ <code>dbplyr<\/code> contexts, what looks like local function calls are actually passed over to the SQL side vs used locally. Even though <code>quote()<\/code> is an internal R function, the use of the lowercase version of it would still go over to the SQL side vs be eval&#8217;d locally. However, to avoid confusing others, I try to uppercase conflicts like this when they occur.<\/p>\n<pre id=\"gatekeeper01\"><code class=\"language-r\">library(processx)\r\nlibrary(stringi)\r\nlibrary(docxtractr) # install_github(&quot;hrbrmstr\/docxtractr&quot;)\r\nlibrary(tidyverse)\r\n\r\nlist.files(&quot;\/Applications&quot;, pattern = &quot;app$&quot;, full.names = TRUE) %&gt;% \r\n  map_df(~{\r\n    message(.x)\r\n    res &lt;- run(&quot;codesign&quot;, args = c(&quot;-dvvv&quot;, .x), error_on_status = FALSE)\r\n    if (any(grepl(&quot;not signed at all&quot;, res$stderr))) {\r\n      list(Executable = .x)\r\n    } else {\r\n      stri_split_lines(res$stderr)[[1]] %&gt;% \r\n        keep(~grepl(&quot;=&quot;, .)) %&gt;% \r\n        stri_split_fixed(&quot;=&quot;, 2, simplify = TRUE) -&gt; res\r\n      as.list(set_names(res[,2], res[,1]))\r\n    }\r\n  }) %&gt;% \r\n  mcga() %&gt;% \r\n  mutate(short_name = stri_replace_last_fixed(basename(executable), &quot;.app&quot;, &quot;&quot;)) -&gt; my_apps\r\n\r\nglimpse(my_apps)\r\n## Observations: 102\r\n## Variables: 20\r\n## $ executable                  &lt;chr&gt; &quot;\/Applications\/1Password 6.app\/Con...\r\n## $ identifier                  &lt;chr&gt; &quot;com.agilebits.onepassword4&quot;, &quot;com...\r\n## $ format                      &lt;chr&gt; &quot;app bundle with Mach-O thin (x86_...\r\n## $ codedirectory_v             &lt;chr&gt; &quot;20200 size=29594 flags=0x0(none) ...\r\n## $ hash_type                   &lt;chr&gt; &quot;sha256 size=32&quot;, &quot;sha256 size=32&quot;...\r\n## $ candidatecdhash_sha1        &lt;chr&gt; &quot;e21ac2a66473feec6276b448fc518678d...\r\n## $ candidatecdhash_sha256      &lt;chr&gt; &quot;8cf4cb4bdbea3b4d4f9e293e1aee1edb7...\r\n## $ hash_choices                &lt;chr&gt; &quot;sha1,sha256&quot;, &quot;sha1,sha256&quot;, &quot;sha...\r\n## $ cdhash                      &lt;chr&gt; &quot;8cf4cb4bdbea3b4d4f9e293e1aee1edb7...\r\n## $ signature_size              &lt;chr&gt; &quot;8915&quot;, &quot;8936&quot;, &quot;4610&quot;, &quot;8528&quot;, &quot;4...\r\n## $ authority                   &lt;chr&gt; &quot;Apple Root CA&quot;, &quot;Apple Root CA&quot;, ...\r\n## $ timestamp                   &lt;chr&gt; &quot;Jul 17, 2017, 10:18:00 AM&quot;, &quot;Jul ...\r\n## $ info_plist_entries          &lt;chr&gt; &quot;32&quot;, &quot;31&quot;, &quot;30&quot;, &quot;17&quot;, &quot;30&quot;, &quot;18&quot;...\r\n## $ teamidentifier              &lt;chr&gt; &quot;2BUA8C4S2C&quot;, &quot;XZZXE9SED4&quot;, &quot;94KV3...\r\n## $ sealed_resources_version    &lt;chr&gt; &quot;2 rules=12 files=2440&quot;, &quot;2 rules=...\r\n## $ internal_requirements_count &lt;chr&gt; &quot;1 size=220&quot;, &quot;1 size=192&quot;, &quot;1 siz...\r\n## $ signed_time                 &lt;chr&gt; NA, NA, &quot;Jul 13, 2017, 6:40:13 PM&quot;...\r\n## $ library_validation_warning  &lt;chr&gt; NA, NA, NA, &quot;OS X SDK version befo...\r\n## $ platform_identifier         &lt;chr&gt; NA, NA, NA, NA, &quot;2&quot;, NA, NA, &quot;2&quot;, ...\r\n## $ short_name                  &lt;chr&gt; &quot;1Password 6&quot;, &quot;Alfred 3&quot;, &quot;Amazon...\r\n\r\n# this is macOS atekeeper whitelist db\r\ndb &lt;- src_sqlite(&quot;\/private\/var\/db\/gkopaque.bundle\/Contents\/Resources\/gkopaque.db&quot;)\r\n\r\ndb\r\n## src:  sqlite 3.19.3 [\/private\/var\/db\/gkopaque.bundle\/Contents\/Resources\/gkopaque.db]\r\n## tbls: conditions, merged, whitelist\r\nwhitelist &lt;- tbl(db, &quot;whitelist&quot;)\r\n\r\n# they are binary blobs, but we need them as text, so use SQLite&#039;s &quot;QUOTE()&quot; function\r\nmutate(whitelist, current = QUOTE(current)) %&gt;% \r\n  select(current) %&gt;% \r\n  collect() %&gt;% \r\n  mutate(\r\n    cdhash = stri_replace_first_fixed(current, &quot;X&#039;&quot;, &quot;&quot;) %&gt;% \r\n      stri_replace_last_fixed(&quot;&#039;&quot;, &quot;&quot;) %&gt;% \r\n      stri_trans_tolower()\r\n  ) -&gt; gatekeeper_whitelist_hashes\r\n\r\nmy_apps &lt;- left_join(my_apps, gatekeeper_whitelist_hashes)\r\n\r\n# Unsigned apps\r\nfilter(my_apps, is.na(cdhash)) %&gt;% \r\n  select(short_name)\r\n\r\n# you can see your own output here ;-)\r\n\r\n# App organization\r\nselect(my_apps, identifier) %&gt;% \r\n  mutate(\r\n    identifier = stri_split_fixed(identifier, &quot;.&quot;, simplify = TRUE)[,2],\r\n    identifier = ifelse(identifier == &quot;&quot;, &quot;UNSPECIFIED&quot;, identifier)\r\n  ) %&gt;% \r\n  count(identifier, sort=TRUE)\r\n## # A tibble: 47 x 2\r\n##        identifier     n\r\n##             &lt;chr&gt; &lt;int&gt;\r\n##  1          apple    37\r\n##  2    UNSPECIFIED    10\r\n##  3      microsoft     6\r\n##  4  eclecticlight     3\r\n##  5         google     3\r\n##  6         amazon     2\r\n##  7      agilebits     1\r\n##  8 antonycourtney     1\r\n##  9       appscape     1\r\n## 10   audacityteam     1\r\n## # ... with 37 more rows\r\n\r\n\r\n# Which apps have code-signing validation warnings\r\nfilter(my_apps, !is.na(library_validation_warning)) %&gt;% \r\n  select(short_name, library_validation_warning)\r\n## # A tibble: 7 x 2\r\n##        short_name\r\n##             &lt;chr&gt;\r\n## 1    Amazon Music\r\n## 2        Audacity\r\n## 3         firefox\r\n## 4         RStudio\r\n## 5             VLC\r\n## 6 Webcam Settings\r\n## 7     WordService\r\n## # ... with 1 more variables: library_validation_warning &lt;chr&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>NOTE: One could easily extend this example to look for apps across the filesystem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(General reminder abt &#8220;R\u2076&#8221; posts in that they are heavy on code-examples, minimal on expository. I try to design them with 2-3 &#8220;nuggets&#8221; embedded for those who take the time to walk through the code examples on their systems. I&#8217;ll always provide further expository if requested in a comment, so don&#8217;t hesitate to ask if [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[780,91],"tags":[810],"class_list":["post-6154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-macos","category-r","tag-post"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>R\u2076 \u2014 Exploring macOS Applications with codesign, Gatekeeper &amp; R - rud.is<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2017\/08\/13\/r\u2076-exploring-macos-applications-with-codesign-gatekeeper-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u2076 \u2014 Exploring macOS Applications with codesign, Gatekeeper &amp; R - rud.is\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(General reminder abt &#8220;R\u2076&#8221; posts in that they are heavy on code-examples, minimal on expository. 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