{"id":5031,"date":"2017-02-14T13:19:29","date_gmt":"2017-02-14T18:19:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/?p=5031"},"modified":"2018-03-10T07:54:27","modified_gmt":"2018-03-10T12:54:27","slug":"spelunking-xhrs-xmlhttprequests-with-splashr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2017\/02\/14\/spelunking-xhrs-xmlhttprequests-with-splashr\/","title":{"rendered":"Spelunking XHRs (XMLHttpRequests) with splashr"},"content":{"rendered":"

splashr<\/code><\/a> has gained some new functionality since the introductory post<\/a>. First, there’s a whole new Docker image for it that embeds a local web server. Why? The main request for it was to enable rendering of htmlwidgets<\/code>:<\/p>\n

splash_vm <- start_splash(add_tempdir=TRUE)\r\n\r\nDiagrammeR("\r\n  graph LR\r\n    A-->B\r\n    A-->C\r\n    C-->E\r\n    B-->D\r\n    C-->D\r\n    D-->F\r\n    E-->F\r\n") %>% \r\n  saveWidget("\/tmp\/diag.html")\r\n\r\nsplash("localhost") %>% \r\n  render_file("\/tmp\/diag.html", output="html")\r\n## {xml_document}\r\n## <html>\r\n## [1] <head>\\n<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text\/html; charset=UTF-8">\\n<meta charset="utf-8">\\n<script src= ...\r\n## [2] <body style="background-color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 40px;">\\n<div id="htmlwidget_container">\\n<div id="ht ...\r\n\r\nsplash("localhost") %>% \r\n  render_file("\/tmp\/diag.html", output="png", wait=2)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
But if you use the new Docker image and the add_tempdir=TRUE<\/code> parameter it can render any local HTML file.<\/p>\n
The other new bits are helpers to identify content types in the HAR types. Along with get_content_type()<\/code>:<\/p>\n
library(tidyverse)\r\n\r\nmap_chr(rud_har$log$entries, get_content_type)\r\n##  [1] "text\/html"                "text\/html"                "application\/javascript"   "text\/css"                \r\n##  [5] "text\/css"                 "text\/css"                 "text\/css"                 "text\/css"                \r\n##  [9] "text\/css"                 "application\/javascript"   "application\/javascript"   "application\/javascript"  \r\n## [13] "application\/javascript"   "application\/javascript"   "application\/javascript"   "text\/javascript"         \r\n## [17] "text\/css"                 "text\/css"                 "application\/x-javascript" "application\/x-javascript"\r\n## [21] "application\/x-javascript" "application\/x-javascript" "application\/x-javascript" NA                        \r\n## [25] "text\/css"                 "image\/png"                "image\/png"                "image\/png"               \r\n## [29] "font\/ttf"                 "font\/ttf"                 "text\/html"                "font\/ttf"                \r\n## [33] "font\/ttf"                 "application\/font-woff"    "application\/font-woff"    "image\/svg+xml"           \r\n## [37] "text\/css"                 "text\/css"                 "image\/gif"                "image\/svg+xml"           \r\n## [41] "application\/font-woff"    "application\/font-woff"    "application\/font-woff"    "application\/font-woff"   \r\n## [45] "application\/font-woff"    "application\/font-woff"    "application\/font-woff"    "application\/font-woff"   \r\n## [49] "text\/css"                 "application\/x-javascript" "image\/gif"                NA                        \r\n## [53] "image\/jpeg"               "image\/svg+xml"            "image\/svg+xml"            "image\/svg+xml"           \r\n## [57] "image\/svg+xml"            "image\/svg+xml"            "image\/svg+xml"            "image\/gif"               \r\n## [61] NA                         "application\/x-javascript" NA                         NA<\/code><\/pre>\n
there are many is_...()<\/code> functions for logical tests.<\/p>\n
But, one of the more interesting is_()<\/code> functions is is_xhr()<\/code>. Sites with dynamic content usually<\/em> load said content via an XMLHttpRequest<\/code> or XHR for short. Modern web apps usually<\/em> return JSON in said requests and, for questions like this one on StackOverflow<\/a> it’s usually<\/em> better to grab the JSON and use it for data than it is to scrape the table made from JavaScript calls.<\/p>\n
Now, it’s not too hard<\/em> to open Developer Tools and find those XHR requests, but we can also use splashr<\/code> to programmatically find them. We have to do a bit more work and use the new execute_lua()<\/code> function since we need to give the page time to load up all the data. (I’ll eventually write a mini-R-DSL around this idiom so you don’t have to grok Lua for non-complex scraping tasks). Here’s how we’d answer that StackOverflow question today\u2026<\/p>\n
First, we grab the entire HAR contents (including bodies of the individual requests) after waiting a bit:<\/p>\n
splash_local %>%\r\n  execute_lua('\r\nfunction main(splash)\r\n  splash.response_body_enabled = true\r\n  splash:go("http:\/\/www.childrenshospital.org\/directory?state=%7B%22showLandingContent%22%3Afalse%2C%22model%22%3A%7B%22search_specialist%22%3Afalse%2C%22search_type%22%3A%5B%22directoryphysician%22%2C%22directorynurse%22%5D%7D%2C%22customModel%22%3A%7B%22nurses%22%3Atrue%7D%7D")\r\n  splash:wait(2)\r\n  return splash:har()\r\nend\r\n') -> res\r\n\r\npg <- as_har(res)<\/code><\/pre>\n
then we look for XHRs:<\/p>\n
map_lgl(pg$log$entries, is_xhr) %>% which()\r\n## 10<\/code><\/pre>\n
and, finally, we grab the JSON:<\/p>\n
pg$log$entries[[10]]$response$content$text %>% \r\n  openssl::base64_decode() %>% \r\n  rawToChar() %>% \r\n  jsonlite::fromJSON() %>% \r\n  glimpse()\r\n## List of 4\r\n##  $ TotalPages  : int 16\r\n##  $ TotalRecords: int 384\r\n##  $ Records     :'data.frame': 24 obs. of  21 variables:\r\n##   ..$ ID            : chr [1:24] "{5E4B0D96-18D3-4FC6-B1AA-345675F3765C}" "{674EEC8B-062A-4268-9467-5C61030B83C9}" ## "{3E6257FE-67A1-4F13-B377-9EA7CCBD50F2}" "{C28479E6-5458-4010-A005-84E5F35B2FEA}" ...\r\n##   ..$ FirstName     : chr [1:24] "Mirna" "Barbara" "Donald" "Victoria" ...\r\n##   ..$ LastName      : chr [1:24] "Aeschlimann" "Angus" "Annino" "Arthur" ...\r\n##   ..$ Image         : chr [1:24] "" "\/~\/media\/directory\/physicians\/ppoc\/angus_barbara.ashx" "\/~\/media\/directory\/physicians\/ppoc\/## annino_donald.ashx" "\/~\/media\/directory\/physicians\/ppoc\/arthur_victoria.ashx" ...\r\n##   ..$ Suffix        : chr [1:24] "MD" "MD" "MD" "MD" ...\r\n##   ..$ Url           : chr [1:24] "http:\/\/www.childrenshospital.org\/doctors\/mirna-aeschlimann" "http:\/\/www.childrenshospital.org\/doctors\/## barbara-angus" "http:\/\/www.childrenshospital.org\/doctors\/donald-annino" "http:\/\/www.childrenshospital.org\/doctors\/victoria-arthur" ...\r\n##   ..$ Gender        : chr [1:24] "female" "female" "male" "female" ...\r\n##   ..$ Latitude      : chr [1:24] "42.468769" "42.235088" "42.463177" "42.447168" ...\r\n##   ..$ Longitude     : chr [1:24] "-71.100558" "-71.016021" "-71.143169" "-71.229734" ...\r\n##   ..$ Address       : chr [1:24] "{"practice_name":"Pediatrics, Inc.", "address_1":"577 Main ## Street", "city":&q"| __truncated__ "{"practice_name":"Crown Colony Pediatrics", ## "address_1":"500 Congress Street, Suite 1F""| __truncated__ "{"practice_name":"Pediatricians ## Inc.", "address_1":"955 Main Street", "city":"| __truncated__ ## "{"practice_name":"Lexington Pediatrics", "address_1":"19 Muzzey Street, Suite 105", &qu"| ## __truncated__ ...\r\n##   ..$ Distance      : chr [1:24] "" "" "" "" ...\r\n##   ..$ OtherLocations: chr [1:24] "" "" "" "" ...\r\n##   ..$ AcademicTitle : chr [1:24] "" "" "" "Clinical Instructor of Pediatrics - Harvard Medical School" ...\r\n##   ..$ HospitalTitle : chr [1:24] "Pediatrician" "Pediatrician" "Pediatrician" "Pediatrician" ...\r\n##   ..$ Specialties   : chr [1:24] "Primary Care, Pediatrics, General Pediatrics" "Primary Care, Pediatrics, General Pediatrics" "General ## Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Primary Care" "Primary Care, Pediatrics, General Pediatrics" ...\r\n##   ..$ Departments   : chr [1:24] "" "" "" "" ...\r\n##   ..$ Languages     : chr [1:24] "English" "English" "" "" ...\r\n##   ..$ PPOCLink      : chr [1:24] "http:\/\/www.childrenshospital.org\/patient-resources\/provider-glossary" "\/patient-resources\/## provider-glossary" "http:\/\/www.childrenshospital.org\/patient-resources\/provider-glossary" "http:\/\/www.childrenshospital.org\/## patient-resources\/provider-glossary" ...\r\n##   ..$ Gallery       : chr [1:24] "" "" "" "" ...\r\n##   ..$ Phone         : chr [1:24] "781-438-7330" "617-471-3411" "781-729-4262" "781-862-4110" ...\r\n##   ..$ Fax           : chr [1:24] "781-279-4046" "(617) 471-3584" "" "(781) 863-2007" ...\r\n##  $ Synonims    : list()<\/code><\/pre>\n
UPDATE<\/strong> So, I wrote a mini-DSL for this:<\/p>\n
splash_local %>%\r\n  splash_response_body(TRUE) %>% \r\n  splash_go("http:\/\/www.childrenshospital.org\/directory?state=%7B%22showLandingContent%22%3Afalse%2C%22model%22%3A%7B%22search_specialist%22%3Afalse%2C%22search_type%22%3A%5B%22directoryphysician%22%2C%22directorynurse%22%5D%7D%2C%22customModel%22%3A%7B%22nurses%22%3Atrue%7D%7D") %>% \r\n  splash_wait(2) %>% \r\n  splash_har() -> res<\/code><\/pre>\n
which should make it easier to perform basic “go-wait-retrieve” operations.<\/p>\n
It’s unlikely we want to rely on a running Splash instance for our production work, so I’ll be making a helper function to turn HAR XHR requests into a httr<\/code> function calls, similar to the way curlconverter<\/code><\/a> works.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
splashr has gained some new functionality since the introductory post. First, there’s a whole new Docker image for it that embeds a local web server. Why? The main request for it was to enable rendering of htmlwidgets: But if you use the new Docker image and the add_tempdir=TRUE parameter it can render any local HTML […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[91,725],"tags":[810],"class_list":["post-5031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-r","category-web-scraping","tag-post"],"yoast_head":"\nSpelunking XHRs (XMLHttpRequests) with splashr - rud.is<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2017\/02\/14\/spelunking-xhrs-xmlhttprequests-with-splashr\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spelunking XHRs (XMLHttpRequests) with splashr - rud.is\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"splashr has gained some new functionality since the introductory post. 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