

{"id":5004,"date":"2017-02-09T08:27:36","date_gmt":"2017-02-09T13:27:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/?p=5004"},"modified":"2018-03-10T07:54:27","modified_gmt":"2018-03-10T12:54:27","slug":"diving-into-dynamic-website-content-with-splashr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2017\/02\/09\/diving-into-dynamic-website-content-with-splashr\/","title":{"rendered":"Diving Into Dynamic Website Content with splashr"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>If you do enough web scraping, you&#8217;ll eventually hit a wall that the trusty <code>httr<\/code> verbs (that sit beneath <code>rvest<\/code>) cannot really overcome: dynamically created content (via javascript) on a site. If the site was nice enough to use XHR requests to load the dynamic content, you can generally still stick with <code>httr<\/code> verbs \u2014 if you can figure out what those requests are \u2014 and code-up the right parameters (browser &#8220;Developer Tools&#8221; menus\/views and my <code>curlconverter<\/code> package are super handy for this). Unfortunately, some sites require actual in-page rendering and that&#8217;s when scraping turns into a modest chore.<\/p>\n<p>For dynamic sites, the <code>RSelenium<\/code> and\/or <code>seleniumPipes<\/code> packages are super-handy tools to have in the toolbox. They interface with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seleniumhq.org\/\">Selenium<\/a> which is a feature-rich environment\/ecosystem for automating browser tasks. You can programmatically click buttons, press keys, follow links and extract page content because you&#8217;re scripting actions in an actual browser or a browser-like tool such as <code>phantomjs<\/code>. Getting the server component of Selenium running was often a source of pain for R folks, but the new <a href=\"https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/r\/selenium\/\">docker images<\/a> make it much easier to get started. For truly gnarly scraping tasks, it should be your go-to solution.<\/p>\n<p>However, sometimes all you need is the rendering part and for that, there&#8217;s a new light[er]weight alternative dubbed <a href=\"http:\/\/splash.readthedocs.io\/en\/stable\/\">Splash<\/a>. It&#8217;s written in python and uses QT webkit for rendering. To avoid deluging your system with all of the <code>Splash<\/code> dependencies you can use the <a href=\"http:\/\/splash.readthedocs.io\/en\/stable\/install.html#linux-docker\">docker images<\/a>. In fact, I made it dead easy to do so. Read on!<\/p>\n<h3>Going for a dip<\/h3>\n<p>The intrepid Winston Chang at RStudio <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/wch\/harbor\">started a package<\/a> to wrap Docker operations and I&#8217;ve recently joind in the fun to add some tweaks &amp; enhancements to it that are necessary to get it on CRAN. Why point this out? Since you need to have <code>Splash<\/code> running to work with it in <code>splashr<\/code> I wanted to make it as easy as possible. So, if you <a href=\"https:\/\/www.docker.com\/\">install Docker<\/a> and then <code>devtools::install_github(\"wch\/harbor\")<\/code> you can then <code>devtools::install_github(\"hrbrmstr\/splashr\")<\/code> to get <code>Splash<\/code> up and running with:<\/p>\n<pre id=\"splash-01\"><code class=\"language-r\">library(splashr)\r\n\r\ninstall_splash()\r\nsplash_svr &lt;- start_splash()<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>The <code>install_splash()<\/code> function will pull the correct image to your local system and you&#8217;ll need that <code>splash_svr<\/code> object later on to stop the container. Now, you can have <code>Splash<\/code> running on any host, but this post assumes you&#8217;re running it locally.<\/p>\n<p>We can test to see if the server is active:<\/p>\n<pre id=\"splash-02\"><code class=\"language-r\">splash(&quot;localhost&quot;) %&gt;% splash_active()\r\n## Status of splash instance on [http:\/\/localhost:8050]: ok. Max RSS: 70443008<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Now, we&#8217;re ready to scrape!<\/p>\n<p>We&#8217;ll use this site \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.techstars.com\/companies\/\">http:\/\/www.techstars.com\/companies\/<\/a> \u2014 mentioned over at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.datacamp.com\/community\/tutorials\/scraping-javascript-generated-data-with-r#gs.dZEqev8\">DataCamp&#8217;s tutorial<\/a> since it doesn&#8217;t use XHR but does require rendering and it doesn&#8217;t prohibit scraping in the Terms of Service (don&#8217;t violate Terms of Service, it is both unethical and could get you blocked, fined or worse).<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s scrape the &#8220;Summary by Class&#8221; table. Here&#8217;s an excerpt along with the Developer Tools view:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Techstars_Alumni_Companies.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5005\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2017\/02\/09\/diving-into-dynamic-website-content-with-splashr\/techstars_alumni_companies\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Techstars_Alumni_Companies.png?fit=2740%2C1016&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2740,1016\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Techstars_Alumni_Companies\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Techstars_Alumni_Companies.png?fit=300%2C111&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Techstars_Alumni_Companies.png?fit=510%2C189&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Techstars_Alumni_Companies.png?resize=510%2C189&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"510\" height=\"189\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5005\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>You&#8217;re saying <em>&#8220;HEY. That has <code>&lt;table&gt;<\/code> in the HTML so why not just use <code>rvest<\/code><\/em>? Well, you can validate the lack of <code>&lt;table&gt;<\/code>s in the &#8220;view source&#8221; view of the page or with:<\/p>\n<pre id=\"spash-rvest-01\"><code class=\"language-r\">library(rvest)\r\n\r\npg &lt;- read_html(&quot;http:\/\/www.techstars.com\/companies\/&quot;)\r\nhtml_nodes(pg, &quot;table&quot;)\r\n## {xml_nodeset (0)}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Now, let&#8217;s do it with <code>splashr<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre id=\"splash-03\"><code class=\"language-r\">splash(&quot;localhost&quot;) %&gt;% \r\n  render_html(&quot;http:\/\/www.techstars.com\/companies\/&quot;, wait=5) -&gt; pg\r\n  \r\nhtml_nodes(pg, &quot;table&quot;)\r\n## {xml_nodeset (89)}\r\n##  [1] &lt;table class=&quot;table75&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th&gt;Status&lt;\/th&gt;\\n        &lt;th&gt;Number of Com ...\r\n##  [2] &lt;table class=&quot;table75&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Impact&lt;\/th&gt;\\n      &lt;\/tr&gt;\\n ...\r\n##  [3] &lt;table class=&quot;table75&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th&gt;Class&lt;\/th&gt;\\n        &lt;th&gt;#Co&#039;s&lt;\/th&gt;\\n   ...\r\n##  [4] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Anywhere 2017 Q1&lt;\/th&gt;\\ ...\r\n##  [5] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Atlanta 2016 Summer&lt;\/t ...\r\n##  [6] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Austin 2013 Fall&lt;\/th&gt;\\ ...\r\n##  [7] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Austin 2014 Summer&lt;\/th ...\r\n##  [8] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Austin 2015 Spring&lt;\/th ...\r\n##  [9] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Austin 2016 Spring&lt;\/th ...\r\n## [10] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Barclays 2014&lt;\/th&gt;\\n   ...\r\n## [11] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Barclays 2015 Spring&lt;\/ ...\r\n## [12] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Barclays 2016 Winter&lt;\/ ...\r\n## [13] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Barclays Cape Town 201 ...\r\n## [14] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Barclays NYC 2015 Summ ...\r\n## [15] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Barclays NYC 2016 Summ ...\r\n## [16] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Barclays Tel Aviv 2016 ...\r\n## [17] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Berlin 2015 Summer&lt;\/th ...\r\n## [18] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Berlin 2016 Summer&lt;\/th ...\r\n## [19] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Boston 2009 Spring&lt;\/th ...\r\n## [20] &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;\\n&lt;tr&gt;\\n&lt;th class=&quot;batch_class&quot; colspan=&quot;4&quot;&gt;Boston 2010 Spring&lt;\/th ...\r\n## ...##<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>We need to set the <code>wait<\/code> parameter (5 seconds was likely overkill) to give the javascript callbacks time to run. Now you can go crazy turning that into data.<\/p>\n<h3>Candid Camera<\/h3>\n<p>You can also take snapshots (pictures) of websites with <code>splashr<\/code>, like this (apologies if you start drooling on your keyboard):<\/p>\n<pre id=\"splash-04\"><code class=\"language-r\">splash(&quot;localhost&quot;) %&gt;% \r\n  render_png(&quot;https:\/\/www.cervelo.com\/en\/triathlon\/p-series\/p5x&quot;)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/cerv.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5009\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2017\/02\/09\/diving-into-dynamic-website-content-with-splashr\/cerv\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/cerv.png?fit=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cerv\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/cerv.png?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/cerv.png?fit=510%2C383&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/cerv.png?resize=510%2C383&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"510\" height=\"383\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5009\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The snapshot functions return <code>magick<\/code> objects, so you can do anything you&#8217;d like with them.<\/p>\n<h3>HARd Work<\/h3>\n<p>Since <code>Splash<\/code> is rendering the entire site (it&#8217;s a real browser), it knows all the information about the various components of a page and can return that in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/.har\">HAR format<\/a>. You can retrieve this data and use John Harrison&#8217;s spiffy <code>HARtools<\/code> package to visualize and further analyze the data. For the sake of brevity, here&#8217;s just the main <code>print()<\/code> output from a site:<\/p>\n<pre id=\"splash-04-har\"><code class=\"language-r\">splash(&quot;localhost&quot;) %&gt;% \r\n  render_har(&quot;https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/&quot;)\r\n\r\n## --------HAR VERSION-------- \r\n## HAR specification version: 1.2 \r\n## --------HAR CREATOR-------- \r\n## Created by: Splash \r\n## version: 2.3.1 \r\n## --------HAR BROWSER-------- \r\n## Browser: QWebKit \r\n## version: 538.1 \r\n## --------HAR PAGES-------- \r\n## Page id: 1 , Page title: R-bloggers | R news and tutorials contributed by (750) R bloggers \r\n## --------HAR ENTRIES-------- \r\n## Number of entries: 130 \r\n## REQUESTS: \r\n## Page: 1 \r\n## Number of entries: 130 \r\n##   -  https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/ \r\n##   -  https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-content\/themes\/magazine-basic-child\/style.css \r\n##   -  https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/mashsharer\/assets\/css\/mashsb.min.cs... \r\n##   -  https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-to-twitter\/css\/twitter-feed.css?... \r\n##   -  https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/jetpack\/css\/jetpack.css?ver=4.4.2 \r\n##      ........ \r\n##   -  https:\/\/scontent.xx.fbcdn.net\/v\/t1.0-1\/p50x50\/10579991_10152371745729891_26331957... \r\n##   -  https:\/\/scontent.xx.fbcdn.net\/v\/t1.0-1\/p50x50\/14962601_10210947974726136_38966601... \r\n##   -  https:\/\/scontent.xx.fbcdn.net\/v\/t1.0-1\/c0.8.50.50\/p50x50\/311082_286149511398044_4... \r\n##   -  https:\/\/scontent.xx.fbcdn.net\/v\/t1.0-1\/p50x50\/11046696_917285094960943_6143235831... \r\n##   -  https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/rsrc.php\/v3\/y2\/r\/0iTJ2XCgjBy.png<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>FIN<\/h3>\n<p>You can also do some basic scripting in <code>Splash<\/code> with <code>lua<\/code> and coding up an interface with that capability is on the TODO as is adding final tests and enabling tweaking the Docker configurations to support more fun things that <code>Splash<\/code> can do.<\/p>\n<p>File an issue <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hrbrmstr\/splashr\">on github<\/a> if you have feature requests or problems and feel free to jump on board with a PR if you&#8217;d like to help put the finishing touches on the package or add some features.<\/p>\n<p>Don&#8217;t forget to <code>stop_splash(splash_svr)<\/code> when you&#8217;re finished scraping!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you do enough web scraping, you&#8217;ll eventually hit a wall that the trusty httr verbs (that sit beneath rvest) cannot really overcome: dynamically created content (via javascript) on a site. If the site was nice enough to use XHR requests to load the dynamic content, you can generally still stick with httr verbs \u2014 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[91,725],"tags":[810],"class_list":["post-5004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-r","category-web-scraping","tag-post"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Diving Into Dynamic Website Content with splashr - rud.is<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2017\/02\/09\/diving-into-dynamic-website-content-with-splashr\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diving Into Dynamic Website Content with splashr - rud.is\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"If you do enough web scraping, you&#8217;ll eventually hit a wall that the trusty httr verbs (that sit beneath rvest) cannot really overcome: dynamically created content (via javascript) on a site. 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