{"id":3806,"date":"2015-12-13T09:40:01","date_gmt":"2015-12-13T14:40:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rud.is\/b\/?p=3806"},"modified":"2018-03-07T16:43:07","modified_gmt":"2018-03-07T21:43:07","slug":"fear-of-wapo-using-bad-pie-charts-has-increased-since-last-year","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2015\/12\/13\/fear-of-wapo-using-bad-pie-charts-has-increased-since-last-year\/","title":{"rendered":"Fear of WaPo Using Bad Pie Charts Has Increased Since Last Year"},"content":{"rendered":"

I woke up this morning to a [headline story from the Washington Post](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2015\/12\/10\/to-many-christian-terrorists-arent-true-christians-but-muslim-terrorists-are-true-muslims\/) on _”Americans are twice as willing to distance Christian extremists from their religion as Muslims_”. This post is not about the content of the headline or story. It _is_ about the horrible pie chart WaPo led the article with:<\/p>\n

\"Untitled\"<\/p>\n

This isn’t just a rant of a madman against pie charts. While I _am_ vehemently opposed to them, we did cover them [in our book](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=7DqwAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA146&lpg=PA146&dq=data-driven+security+pie+chart&source=bl&ots=Cy1iJylsHd&sig=a6Hz1JB-QYLq6H0VZJpPleJgRkQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj79uqt_tjJAhVG0iYKHS0uDn4Q6AEIMzAH#v=onepage&q=data-driven%20security%20pie%20chart&f=false) and my co-author (@jayjacobs) and the incredibly talented @annkemery both agree there are often cases where they are appropriate. Even using their less-sensitive sensibilities, this would not be one of those cases.<\/p>\n

So, what\u2014exactly\u2014is the problem? WaPo tried to enable comparison between pies by exploding them and using colors to indicate similar fear levels, mapping shades to entries in the top legend. Your eye has to move around a bit to take everything in and remember the mapping as you focus on each slice (since you will end up doing that given that each category colored differently). Their whole goal was to enable the reader to see the change in sentiment towards terrorism since this time last year.<\/p>\n

Hrm. Two dates. Small set of values. Desire to quickly compare change in value\/slope. **This sounds like a job for a slopegraph!**<\/p>\n

The article and graphic are based on a [survey](http:\/\/publicreligion.org\/research\/2015\/12\/survey-nearly-half-of-americans-worried-that-they-or-their-family-will-be-a-victim-of-terrorism\/). Thankfully the [complete survey data was made available](http:\/\/publicreligion.org\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/December-2015-PRRI-RNS-Topline1.pdf), which made it easy to do a makeover (in R of course). Here’s the result:<\/p>\n

\"unnamed-chunk-1-1\"<\/p>\n

Each category change is clearly visible, you don’t need to remember color association and you even know the actual values*<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

The R code is below and in [this gist](https:\/\/gist.github.com\/hrbrmstr\/9bf4f93dffc1df48fe27). How would you make the WaPo chart better (drop a note in the comments with a link to your own makeover)?<\/p>\n

library(tidyr)\r\nlibrary(ggplot2)\r\nlibrary(ggthemes)\r\nlibrary(scales)\r\nlibrary(dplyr)\r\n\r\n# Easiest way to transcribe the PDF table\r\n# The slope calculation will enable us to color the lines\/points based on up\/down\r\ndat <- data_frame(`2014-11-01`=c(0.11, 0.22, 0.35, 0.31, 0.01),\r\n                  `2015-12-01`=c(0.17, 0.30, 0.30, 0.23, 0.00),\r\n                  slope=factor(sign(`2014-11-01` - `2015-12-01`)),\r\n                  fear_level=c(\"Very worried\", \"Somewhat worried\", \"Not too worried\",\r\n                               \"Not at all\", \"Don't know\/refused\"))\r\n\r\n# Transform that into something we can use\r\ndat <- gather(dat, month, value, -fear_level, -slope)\r\n\r\n# We need real dates for the X-axis manipulation\r\ndat <- mutate(dat, month=as.Date(as.character(month)))\r\n\r\n# Since 2 categories have the same ending value, we need to\r\n# take care of that (this is one of a few \"gotchas\" in slopegraph preparation)\r\nend_lab <- dat %>%\r\n  filter(month==as.Date(\"2015-12-01\")) %>%\r\n  group_by(value) %>%\r\n  summarise(lab=sprintf(\"%s\", paste(fear_level, collapse=\", \")))\r\n\r\ngg <- ggplot(dat)\r\n\r\n# line\r\ngg <- gg + geom_line(aes(x=month, y=value, color=slope, group=fear_level), size=1)\r\n# points\r\ngg <- gg + geom_point(aes(x=month, y=value, fill=slope, group=fear_level),\r\n                      color=\"white\", shape=21, size=2.5)\r\n\r\n# left labels\r\ngg <- gg + geom_text(data=filter(dat, month==as.Date(\"2014-11-01\")),\r\n                     aes(x=month, y=value, label=sprintf(\"%s \u2014 %s  \", fear_level, percent(value))),\r\n                     hjust=1, size=3)\r\n# right labels\r\ngg <- gg + geom_text(data=end_lab,\r\n                     aes(x=as.Date(\"2015-12-01\"), y=value,\r\n                         label=sprintf(\"  %s \u2014 %s\", percent(value), lab)),\r\n                     hjust=0, size=3)\r\n\r\n# Here we do some slightly tricky x-axis formatting to ensure we have enough\r\n# space for the in-panel labels, only show the months we need and have\r\n# the month labels display properly\r\ngg <- gg + scale_x_date(expand=c(0.125, 0),\r\n                        labels=date_format(\"%b\\n%Y\"),\r\n                        breaks=c(as.Date(\"2014-11-01\"), as.Date(\"2015-12-01\")),\r\n                        limits=c(as.Date(\"2014-02-01\"), as.Date(\"2016-12-01\")))\r\ngg <- gg + scale_y_continuous()\r\n\r\n# I used colors from the article\r\ngg <- gg + scale_color_manual(values=c(\"#f0b35f\", \"#177fb9\"))\r\ngg <- gg + scale_fill_manual(values=c(\"#f0b35f\", \"#177fb9\"))\r\ngg <- gg + labs(x=NULL, y=NULL, title=\"Fear of terror attacks (change since last year)\\n\")\r\ngg <- gg + theme_tufte(base_family=\"Helvetica\")\r\ngg <- gg + theme(axis.ticks=element_blank())\r\ngg <- gg + theme(axis.text.y=element_blank())\r\ngg <- gg + theme(legend.position=\"none\")\r\ngg <- gg + theme(plot.title=element_text(hjust=0.5))\r\ngg<\/pre>\n
*<\/sup> Well, it's survey. To add insult to injury, it's a sentiment-based survey given right after a likely-to-be-attributed-terrorism attack. Also, there is a margin of error that isn't communicated in either visualization. So while there is \"data\", trust it at your own peril.<\/div>\n
<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I woke up this morning to a [headline story from the Washington Post](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2015\/12\/10\/to-many-christian-terrorists-arent-true-christians-but-muslim-terrorists-are-true-muslims\/) on _”Americans are twice as willing to distance Christian extremists from their religion as Muslims_”. This post is not about the content of the headline or story. It _is_ about the horrible pie chart WaPo led the article with: This isn’t just […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3814,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[678,673,674,753,91],"tags":[810],"class_list":["post-3806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-visualization","category-datavis-2","category-dataviz","category-ggplot","category-r","tag-post"],"yoast_head":"\nFear of WaPo Using Bad Pie Charts Has Increased Since Last Year - rud.is<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2015\/12\/13\/fear-of-wapo-using-bad-pie-charts-has-increased-since-last-year\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fear of WaPo Using Bad Pie Charts Has Increased Since Last Year - rud.is\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I woke up this morning to a [headline story from the Washington Post](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2015\/12\/10\/to-many-christian-terrorists-arent-true-christians-but-muslim-terrorists-are-true-muslims\/) on _”Americans are twice as willing to distance Christian extremists from their religion as Muslims_”. 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All others must bring data"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/#\/schema\/person\/d7cb7487ab0527447f7fda5c423ff886"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/#\/schema\/person\/d7cb7487ab0527447f7fda5c423ff886","name":"hrbrmstr","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ukr-shield.png?fit=460%2C460&ssl=1","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ukr-shield.png?fit=460%2C460&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ukr-shield.png?fit=460%2C460&ssl=1","width":460,"height":460,"caption":"hrbrmstr"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ukr-shield.png?fit=460%2C460&ssl=1"},"description":"Don't look at me\u2026I do what he does \u2014 just slower. #rstats avuncular \u2022 ?Resistance Fighter \u2022 Cook \u2022 Christian \u2022 [Master] Chef des Donn\u00e9es de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 @ @rapid7","sameAs":["http:\/\/rud.is"],"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/author\/hrbrmstr\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/unnamed-chunk-1-1.png?fit=1248%2C912&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p23idr-Zo","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2510,"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2013\/05\/24\/re-imagining-panda_securitys-q1-2013-report-pie-charts\/","url_meta":{"origin":3806,"position":0},"title":"Re-imagining  @panda_security’s Q1 2013 Report Pie Charts","author":"hrbrmstr","date":"2013-05-24","format":false,"excerpt":"We infosec folk eat up industry reports and most of us have no doubt already gobbled up @panda_security's recently released [Q1 2013 Report](http:\/\/press.pandasecurity.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/PandaLabs-Quaterly-Report.pdf) [PDF]. It's a good read (so go ahead and read it, we'll still be here!) and I was really happy to see a nicely stylized chart in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Charts & Graphs"","block_context":{"text":"Charts & Graphs","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/charts-graphs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2770,"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2013\/10\/27\/alternative-to-grouped-bar-charts-in-r\/","url_meta":{"origin":3806,"position":1},"title":"Alternative to Grouped Bar Charts in R","author":"hrbrmstr","date":"2013-10-27","format":false,"excerpt":"The #spiffy @dseverski gave me this posit the other day: Hey, @hrbrmstr, doughnut chart aside, how would you approach the first graph at http:\/\/t.co\/zjHoHRVOeo? Bump chart? Trend line? Leave as is?\u2014 David F. Severski (@dseverski) October 25, 2013 and, I obliged shortly thereafter, but figured I'd toss a post up\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Charts & Graphs"","block_context":{"text":"Charts & Graphs","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/charts-graphs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/remake.png?fit=656%2C320&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/remake.png?fit=656%2C320&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/remake.png?fit=656%2C320&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1545,"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2012\/08\/06\/just-when-you-thought-it-was-safe-to-make-a-slopegraph\/","url_meta":{"origin":3806,"position":2},"title":"Just When You Thought It Was Safe To Make A Slopegraph","author":"hrbrmstr","date":"2012-08-06","format":false,"excerpt":"Thanks to a nice call-out post link on Flowing Data in my RSS feeds this morning, I found Naomi Robbins' Effective Graphs Forbes blog, perused the archives a bit and came across her post on arrow charts. She presented a nice comparison between (ugh) pie charts, arrow charts and slopegraphs.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Charts & Graphs"","block_context":{"text":"Charts & Graphs","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/charts-graphs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3325,"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2015\/03\/18\/making-waffle-charts-in-r-with-the-new-waffle-package\/","url_meta":{"origin":3806,"position":3},"title":"Making waffle charts in R (with the new ‘waffle’ package)","author":"hrbrmstr","date":"2015-03-18","format":false,"excerpt":"NOTE: The waffle package (sans JavaScript-y goodness) is up on CRAN so you can do an install.packages(\"waffle\") and library(waffle) vs the devtools dance. 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Kaiser Fung (@junkcharts) did a makeover post on this chart about U.S. steel tariffs: Kaiser's makeover is good (Note: just because I said \"good\" does not mean I'm endorsing the use of pie charts):\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "R"","block_context":{"text":"R","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/r\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/plot_zoom_png.png?fit=1153%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/plot_zoom_png.png?fit=1153%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/plot_zoom_png.png?fit=1153%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/plot_zoom_png.png?fit=1153%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/plot_zoom_png.png?fit=1153%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3806"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3806\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3814"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}