{"id":14213,"date":"2023-07-09T06:46:02","date_gmt":"2023-07-09T11:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/?p=14213"},"modified":"2023-07-11T06:53:20","modified_gmt":"2023-07-11T11:53:20","slug":"new-r-package-hhhash","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2023\/07\/09\/new-r-package-hhhash\/","title":{"rendered":"New R Package For HTTP Headers Hashing"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\nhyphens: manual !important;\n<\/style>\n<p>HTTP Headers Hashing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.foo.be\/2023\/07\/HTTP-Headers-Hashing_HHHash\">HHHash<\/a>) is a technique developed by Alexandre Dulaunoy to gen&shy;erate a fingerprint of an HTTP server based on the headers it returns. It employs one-way hashing to generate a hash value from the list of header keys returned by the server. The HHHash value is calculated by concatenating the list of headers returned, ordered by sequence, with each header value separated by a colon. The SHA256 of this concatenated list is then taken to generate the HHHash value. HHHash incorporates a version identifier to enable updates to new hashing functions.<\/p>\n<p>While effective, HHHash&#8217;s performance relies heavily on the characteristics of the HTTP requests, so correlations are typically only established using the same crawler parameters. Locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) could be used to calculate distances between sets of headers for more efficient comparisons. There are some limitations with some LSH algorithms (such as the need to pad content to a minimum byte length) that make the initial use of SHA256 hashes a bit more straightforward.<\/p>\n<p>Alexandre made a <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hrbrmstr\/hhhash\">Python library<\/a> for it, and I cranked out an <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hrbrmstr\/hhhash\">R package<\/a> for it as well.<\/p>\n<p>There are three functions exposed by {hhhash}:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>build_hash_from_response<\/code>: Build a hash from headers in a curl<br \/>\nresponse object<\/li>\n<li><code>build_hash_from_url<\/code>: Build a hash from headers retrieved from a URL<\/li>\n<li><code>hash_headers<\/code>: Build a hash from a vector of HTTP header keys<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The <code>build_hash_from_url<\/code> function relies on {curl} vs {httr} since {httr} uses <code>curl::parse_headers()<\/code> which (rightfully so) lowercases the header keys. We need to preserve both order and case for the hash to be useful.<\/p>\n<p>Here is some sample usage:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-r\">remotes::install_github(\"hrbrmstr\/hhhash\")\n\nlibrary(hhhash)\n\nbuild_hash_from_url(\"https:\/\/www.circl.lu\/\")\n## [1] \"hhh:1:78f7ef0651bac1a5ea42ed9d22242ed8725f07815091032a34ab4e30d3c3cefc\"\n\nres &lt;- curl::curl_fetch_memory(\"https:\/\/www.circl.lu\/\", curl::new_handle())\n\nbuild_hash_from_response(res)\n## [1] \"hhh:1:78f7ef0651bac1a5ea42ed9d22242ed8725f07815091032a34ab4e30d3c3cefc\"\n\nc(\n  \"Date\", \"Server\", \"Strict-Transport-Security\",\n  \"Last-Modified\", \"ETag\", \"Accept-Ranges\",\n  \"Content-Length\", \"Content-Security-Policy\",\n  \"X-Content-Type-Options\", \"X-Frame-Options\",\n  \"X-XSS-Protection\", \"Content-Type\"\n) -&gt; keys\n\nhash_headers(keys)\n## [1] \"hhh:1:78f7ef0651bac1a5ea42ed9d22242ed8725f07815091032a34ab4e30d3c3cefc\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HTTP Headers Hashing (HHHash) is a technique developed by Alexandre Dulaunoy to gen&shy;erate a fingerprint of an HTTP server based on the headers it returns. It employs one-way hashing to generate a hash value from the list of header keys returned by the server. The HHHash value is calculated by concatenating the list of headers [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-r"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>New R Package For HTTP Headers Hashing - rud.is<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2023\/07\/09\/new-r-package-hhhash\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New R Package For HTTP Headers Hashing - rud.is\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"HTTP Headers Hashing (HHHash) is a technique developed by Alexandre Dulaunoy to gen&shy;erate a fingerprint of an HTTP server based on the headers it returns. 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All others must bring data&quot;\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d7cb7487ab0527447f7fda5c423ff886\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d7cb7487ab0527447f7fda5c423ff886\",\"name\":\"hrbrmstr\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/ukr-shield.png?fit=460%2C460&ssl=1\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/ukr-shield.png?fit=460%2C460&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/ukr-shield.png?fit=460%2C460&ssl=1\",\"width\":460,\"height\":460,\"caption\":\"hrbrmstr\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/ukr-shield.png?fit=460%2C460&ssl=1\"},\"description\":\"Don't look at me\u2026I do what he does \u2014 just slower. #rstats avuncular \u2022 ?Resistance Fighter \u2022 Cook \u2022 Christian \u2022 [Master] Chef des Donn\u00e9es de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 @ @rapid7\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/rud.is\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/author\\\/hrbrmstr\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"New R Package For HTTP Headers Hashing - rud.is","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2023\/07\/09\/new-r-package-hhhash\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"New R Package For HTTP Headers Hashing - rud.is","og_description":"HTTP Headers Hashing (HHHash) is a technique developed by Alexandre Dulaunoy to gen&shy;erate a fingerprint of an HTTP server based on the headers it returns. 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Treating mail as data is not an uncommon task and many R packages exist that can reach\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Python&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Python","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/python-2\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":12142,"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2019\/04\/12\/a-note-to-our-community-on-how-to-hide-your-content-from-search-engines\/","url_meta":{"origin":14213,"position":5},"title":"A Note to Our Community On How To Hide Your Content From Search Engines","author":"hrbrmstr","date":"2019-04-12","format":false,"excerpt":"UPDATE 2019-04-17 \u2014 The example at the bottom which shows that the, er, randomly chosen site has the offending <meta> tag present is an old result. As of this update timestamp, that robots noindex tag is not on the site. 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