{"id":12891,"date":"2021-01-23T17:09:18","date_gmt":"2021-01-23T22:09:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/?p=12891"},"modified":"2021-01-25T09:04:52","modified_gmt":"2021-01-25T14:04:52","slug":"swiftr-switcheroo-calling-compiled-swift-from-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2021\/01\/23\/swiftr-switcheroo-calling-compiled-swift-from-r\/","title":{"rendered":"SwiftR Switcheroo: Calling [Compiled] Swift from R!"},"content":{"rendered":"

I’ve been on a Swift + R bender<\/a> for a while now, but have been envious of the pure macOS\/iOS (et al) folks who get to use Apple’s seriously ++good machine learning<\/a> libraries, which are even more robust on the new M1 hardware (it’s cool having hardware components dedicated to improving the performance of built models).<\/p>\n

Sure, it’s pretty straightforward to make a command-line utility that can take data input, run them through models, then haul the data back into R, but I figured it was about time that Swift got the “Rust” and “Go” treatment in terms of letting R call compiled Swift code directly. Thankfully, none of this involves using Xcode since it’s one of the world’s worst IDEs.<\/p>\n

To play along at home you’ll need macOS and at least the command line tools installed (I don’t think<\/em> this requires a full Xcode install, but y’all can let me know if it does in the comments). If you can enter swiftc<\/code> at a terminal prompt and get back <unknown>:0: error: no input files<\/code> then you’re good-to-go.<\/p>\n

Hello, Swift!<\/h3>\n

To keep this post short (since I’ll be adding this entire concept to the SwiftR tome), we’ll be super-focused and just build a shared library we can dynamically load into R. That library will have one function which will be to let us say hello to the planet with a customized greeting.<\/p>\n

Make a new directory for this effort (I called mine greetings<\/code>) and create a greetings.swift<\/code> file with the following contents:<\/p>\n

All this code is also in this gist<\/a>.<\/p>\n

@_cdecl (\"greetings_from\")\npublic func greetings_from(_ who: SEXP) -> SEXP {\n  print(\"Greetings, ?, it's \\(String(cString: R_CHAR(STRING_ELT(who, 0))))!\")\n  return(R_NilValue)\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Before I explain what’s going on there, also create a geetings.h<\/code> file with the following contents:<\/p>\n
#define USE_RINTERNALS\n\n#include <R.h>\n#include <Rinternals.h>\n\nconst char* R_CHAR(SEXP x);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
In the Swift file, there’s a single function that takes an R SEXP<\/code> and converts it into a Swift String<\/code> which is then routed to stdout<\/code> (not a “great” R idiom, but benign enough for an intro example). Swift functions aren’t C functions and on their own do not adhere to C calling conventions. Unfortunately R’s ability to work with dynamic library code requires such a contract to be in place. Thankfully, the Swift Language Overlords provided us with the ability to instruct the compiler to create library code that will force the calling conventions to be C-like (that’s what the \uff20cdecl<\/code> is for).<\/p>\n
We’re using SEXP<\/code>, some R C-interface functions, and even the C version of NULL<\/code> in the Swift code, but we haven’t done anything in the Swift file to tell Swift about the existence of these elements. That’s what the C header file is for (I added the R_CHAR<\/code> declaration since complex C macros don’t work in Swift).<\/p>\n
Now, all we need to do is make sure the compiler knows about the header file (which is a “bridge” between C and Swift), where the R framework is, and that we want to generate a library vs a binary executable file as we compile the code. Make sure you’re in the same directory as both the .swift<\/code> and .h<\/code> file and execute the following at a terminal prompt:<\/p>\n
swiftc \\\n  -I \/Library\/Frameworks\/R.framework\/Headers \\ # where the R headers are\n  -F\/Library\/Frameworks \\                      # where the R.framework lives\n  -framework R \\                               # we want to link against the R framework\n  -import-objc-header greetings.h \\            # this is our bridging header which will make R C things available to Swift\n  -emit-library \\                              # we want a library, not an exe\n  greetings.swift                              # our file!\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
If all goes well, you should have a libgreetings.dylib<\/code> shared library in that directory.<\/p>\n
Now, fire up a R console session in that directory and do:<\/p>\n
greetings_lib <- dyn.load(\"libgreetings.dylib\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
If there are no errors, the shared library has been loaded into your R session and we can use the function we just made! Let’s wrap it in an R function so we’re not constantly typing .Call(\u2026)<\/code>:<\/p>\n
greetings_from <- function(who = \"me\") {\n  invisible(.Call(\"greetings_from\", as.character(who[1])))\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
I also took the opportunity to make sure we are sending a length-1 character vector to the C\/Swift function.<\/p>\n
Now, say hello!<\/p>\n
greetings_from(\"hrbrmstr\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
And you should see:<\/p>\n
Greetings, ?, it's hrbrmstr!\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
FIN<\/h3>\n
We’ll stop there for now, but hopefully this small introduction has shown how straightforward it can be to bridge Swift & R in the other direction.<\/p>\n
I’ll have another post that shows how to extend this toy example to use one of Apple’s natural language processing libraries, and may even do one more on how to put all this into a package before I shunt all the individual posts into a few book chapters.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I’ve been on a Swift + R bender for a while now, but have been envious of the pure macOS\/iOS (et al) folks who get to use Apple’s seriously ++good machine learning libraries, which are even more robust on the new M1 hardware (it’s cool having hardware components dedicated to improving the performance of built […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[780,91,830],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-macos","category-r","category-swift"],"yoast_head":"\nSwiftR Switcheroo: Calling [Compiled] Swift from R! - rud.is<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2021\/01\/23\/swiftr-switcheroo-calling-compiled-swift-from-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SwiftR Switcheroo: Calling [Compiled] Swift from R! - rud.is\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I’ve been on a Swift + R bender for a while now, but have been envious of the pure macOS\/iOS (et al) folks who get to use Apple’s seriously ++good machine learning libraries, which are even more robust on the new M1 hardware (it’s cool having hardware components dedicated to improving the performance of built […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2021\/01\/23\/swiftr-switcheroo-calling-compiled-swift-from-r\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"rud.is\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-01-23T22:09:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-25T14:04:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"hrbrmstr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"hrbrmstr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/23\\\/swiftr-switcheroo-calling-compiled-swift-from-r\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/23\\\/swiftr-switcheroo-calling-compiled-swift-from-r\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"hrbrmstr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d7cb7487ab0527447f7fda5c423ff886\"},\"headline\":\"SwiftR Switcheroo: Calling [Compiled] Swift from R!\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-01-23T22:09:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-25T14:04:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/23\\\/swiftr-switcheroo-calling-compiled-swift-from-r\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":685,\"commentCount\":5,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d7cb7487ab0527447f7fda5c423ff886\"},\"articleSection\":[\"macOS\",\"R\",\"Swift\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/23\\\/swiftr-switcheroo-calling-compiled-swift-from-r\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/23\\\/swiftr-switcheroo-calling-compiled-swift-from-r\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rud.is\\\/b\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/23\\\/swiftr-switcheroo-calling-compiled-swift-from-r\\\/\",\"name\":\"SwiftR Switcheroo: Calling [Compiled] Swift from R! 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Simple Image view + some text views, a color picker and a button that runs R-in-Swift code (like {reticulate} does for Python in R)Note no ssd\/hd storage round-trip for the plot.Code snippet: https:\/\/t.co\/fWaHnztUgd pic.twitter.com\/y5m1I16tCB\u2014 Caliban's War\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Apple"","block_context":{"text":"Apple","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/apple\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":12878,"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2021\/01\/16\/new-swiftr-chapter-up-building-an-r-backed-swiftui-macos-app\/","url_meta":{"origin":12891,"position":1},"title":"New SwiftR Chapter Up: Building an R-backed SwiftUI macOS App","author":"hrbrmstr","date":"2021-01-16","format":false,"excerpt":"Last week I introduced a new bookdown series on how to embed R into a macOS Swift application. 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As an Apple Developer who insanely\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "macOS"","block_context":{"text":"macOS","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/macos\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":12763,"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2020\/05\/25\/rswitch-1-7-0-has-been-released\/","url_meta":{"origin":12891,"position":3},"title":"RSwitch 1.7.0 Has Been Released","author":"hrbrmstr","date":"2020-05-25","format":false,"excerpt":"I (and, apparently, Gandalf O_o) are pleased to announce that RSwitch version 1.7.0 has been released. (Direct Download) RSwitch is a macOS menubar utility that: makes it dead simple to manage multiple macOS R versions use the latest RStudio daily builds access remote RStudio Server sessions using in a purpose-built\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Apple"","block_context":{"text":"Apple","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/apple\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/rud.is\/b\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/gandalf-rswitch.png?fit=480%2C280&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":12917,"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2021\/01\/26\/making-it-easier-to-experiment-with-compiled-swift-code-in-r\/","url_meta":{"origin":12891,"position":4},"title":"Making It Easier To Experiment With Compiled Swift Code In R","author":"hrbrmstr","date":"2021-01-26","format":false,"excerpt":"The past two posts have (lightly) introduced how to use compiled Swift code in R, but they've involved a bunch of \"scary\" command line machinations and incantations. One feature of {Rcpp} I've always ? is the cppFunction() (\"r-lib\" zealots have a similar cpp11::cpp_function()) which lets one experiment with C[++] code\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "macOS"","block_context":{"text":"macOS","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/category\/macos\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":13039,"url":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2021\/04\/24\/making-macos-universal-apps-with-universal-golang-static-libraries\/","url_meta":{"origin":12891,"position":5},"title":"Making macOS Universal Apps in Swift with Universal Golang Static Libraries","author":"hrbrmstr","date":"2021-04-24","format":false,"excerpt":"There are a plethora of amazingly useful Golang libraries, and it has been possible for quite some time to use Go libraries with Swift. 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