{"id":12755,"date":"2020-05-19T17:31:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-19T22:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/?p=12755"},"modified":"2020-05-19T17:31:39","modified_gmt":"2020-05-19T22:31:39","slug":"mining-r-4-0-0-changelog-for-nuggets-of-gold-1-stopifnot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rud.is\/b\/2020\/05\/19\/mining-r-4-0-0-changelog-for-nuggets-of-gold-1-stopifnot\/","title":{"rendered":"Mining R 4.0.0 Changelog for Nuggets of Gold: #1 stopifnot()"},"content":{"rendered":"

R 4.0.0 has been out for a while, now, and \u2014 apart from a case where merge()<\/code> was slower than dirt \u2014 it’s been really stable for at least me (I use it daily on macOS, Linux, and Windows). Sure, it came with some headline-grabbing features\/upgrades, but I’ve started looking at what other useful nuggets might be in the changelog<\/a> and decided to blog them as I find them.<\/p>\n

Today’s nugget is the venerable stopifnot()<\/code> function which was significantly enhanced by this PR by Neil Fultz<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Prior to R 4.0.0, if you wanted to use stopifnot()<\/code> to perform some input validation (a.k.a. \u2014 in this case \u2014 [assertions])(https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assertion_(software_development)) you’d do something like this (I’m borrowing from Neil’s example):<\/p>\n

some_\u0192 <- function(alpha, gradtol, steptol, interlim) {\n\n  stopifnot(\n    (is.numeric(alpha)),\n    (length(alpha) == 1),\n    (alpha > 0),\n    (alpha < 1),\n    (is.numeric(gradtol)),\n    (length(gradtol) == 1),\n    (gradtol > 0),\n    (is.numeric(steptol)),\n    (length(steptol) == 1),\n    (steptol > 0),\n    (is.numeric(interlim)),\n    (length(interlim) == 1),\n    (interlim > 0)\n   )\n\n  message(\"Do something awesome\")\n\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
When run with acceptable inputs we get:<\/p>\n
some_\u0192(0.5, 3, 10, 100)\n## Do something awesome\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
But, when run with something out of kilter:<\/p>\n
some_\u0192(\"a\", 3, 10, 100)\n##  Error in some_\u0192(\"a\", 3, 10, 100) : (is.numeric(alpha)) is not TRUE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
we get a semi-useful, but somewhat unfriendly message back. Sure, it points to the right expression, but we’re supposed to be the kinder, friendlier data science (and general purpose) language who cares a bit more about our users. To that end, many folks switch to doing something like this:<\/p>\n
some_\u0192 <- function(alpha, gradtol, steptol, interlim) {\n\n  if (!is.numeric(alpha))   { stop('Error: alpha should be numeric') }\n  if (length(alpha) != 1)   { stop('Error: alpha should be a single value'); }\n  if (alpha < 0)            { stop('Error: alpha is negative'); }\n  if (alpha > 1)            { stop('Error: alpha is greater than one'); }\n  if (!is.numeric(gradtol)) { stop('Error: gradtol should be numeric') }\n  if (length(gradtol) != 1) { stop('Error: gradtol should be a single value'); }\n  if (gradtol <= 0)         { stop('Error: gradtol should be positive'); }\n  if (!is.numeric(steptol)) { stop('Error: steptol should be numeric') }\n  if (length(steptol) != 1) { stop('Error: steptol should be a single value'); }\n  if (steptol <= 0)         { stop('Error: steptol should be positive'); }\n  if (!is.numeric(iterlim)) { stop('Error: iterlim should be numeric') }\n  if (length(iterlim) != 1) { stop('Error: iterlim should be a single value'); }\n  if (iterlim <= 0)         { stop('Error: iterlim should be positive'); }\n\n  message(\"Do something awesome\")\n\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
which results in:<\/p>\n
some_\u0192(\"a\", 3, 10, 100)\n##  Error in some_\u0192(\"a\", 3, 10, 100) : Error: alpha should be numeric\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
(you can make even better error messages than that).<\/p>\n
Neal thought there had to be a better way, and made one! The ...<\/code> expressions can be named<\/em> and those names will become the error message:<\/p>\n
some_\u0192 <- function(alpha, gradtol, steptol, interlim) {\n\n  stopifnot(\n    'alpha should be numeric'          = (is.numeric(alpha)),\n    'alpha should be a single value'   = (length(alpha) == 1),\n    'alpha is negative'                = (alpha > 0),\n    'alpha is greater than one'        = (alpha < 1),\n    'gradtol should be numeric'        = (is.numeric(gradtol)),\n    'gradtol should be a single value' = (length(gradtol) == 1),\n    'gradtol should be positive'       = (gradtol > 0),\n    'steptol should be numeric'        = (is.numeric(steptol)),\n    'steptol should be a single value' = (length(steptol) == 1),\n    'steptol should be positive'       = (steptol > 0),\n    'iterlim should be numeric'        = (is.numeric(interlim)),\n    'iterlim should be a single value' = (length(interlim) == 1),\n    'iterlim should be positive'       = (interlim > 0)\n   )\n\n  message(\"Do something awesome\")\n\n}\n\nsome_\u0192(\"a\", 3, 10, 100)\n\n##  Error in some_\u0192(\"a\", 3, 10, 100) : alpha should be numeric\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Way easier to write and way more respectful to the caller.<\/p>\n
Gratuitous Statistics<\/h3>\n
CRAN has ~2,600 packages that use stopifnot()<\/code> in their package \/R\/<\/code> code with the following selected distributions (charts are all log10 scale):<\/p>\n
\"stopifnot<\/a><\/p>\n
Here are the packages with 50 or more files using stopifnot()<\/code>:<\/p>\n
   pkg              n\n   <chr>        <int>\n 1 spatstat       252\n 2 pracma         145\n 3 QuACN           80\n 4 raster          74\n 5 spdep           61\n 6 lavaan          54\n 7 surveillance    53\n 8 copula          50\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"stopifnot<\/a><\/p>\n
Here are the packages with one or more files that have 100 or more calls to stopifnot()<\/code> in them:<\/p>\n
   pkg                 fil                            ct\n   <chr>               <chr>                       <int>\n 1 ff                  ordermerge.R                  278\n 2 OneArmPhaseTwoStudy zzz.R                         142\n 3 bit64               integer64.R                   137\n 4 updog               rflexdog.R                    124\n 5 RNetCDF             RNetCDF.R                     123\n 6 Rlda                rlda.R                        105\n 7 aster2              transform.R                   105\n 8 ads                 fads.R                        104\n 9 georob              georob_exported_functions.R   104\n10 bit64               highlevel64.R                 101\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
O_O That’s quite a bit of checking!<\/p>\n
FIN<\/h3>\n
If you’re working on switching to R 4.0.0 or have switched, this and many other new features await! Drop a note in the comments with your favorite new feature (or, even better, a link to a blog post on said feature!).<\/p>\n
As I get time to dig out some more nuggets I’ll add more posts to this series.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
R 4.0.0 has been out for a while, now, and \u2014 apart from a case where merge() was slower than dirt \u2014 it’s been really stable for at least me (I use it daily on macOS, Linux, and Windows). 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